背景:暴露于细颗粒物(PM2.5)与过敏性疾病有关,包括哮喘.然而,有关特定PM2.5成分影响的信息有限。本研究旨在探讨妊娠期和幼儿期PM2.5化学成分暴露与哮喘发病的关系。过敏,和学龄儿童的敏感性。
方法:本研究包括2,408名小学二年级儿童。进行了呼吸道/过敏症状的问卷调查以及血清总IgE和对屋尘螨(HDM)和动物蛋白的特异性IgE水平的测量。暴露于环境PM2.5质量,硫酸盐(SO42-),硝酸盐(NO3-),铵(NH4+),元素碳(EC),使用预测模型估计了从受孕到6岁的参与者住宅中PM2.5的有机碳(OC)。使用多元logistic回归分析呼吸/过敏症状和过敏原致敏与估计的暴露浓度的关联。在调查年度调整后,性别,出生季节,婴儿期的喂养方法,兄弟姐妹的存在,下呼吸道感染史,使用儿童保育设施,被动吸烟,宠物的存在,母亲的年龄,过敏性疾病史,怀孕期间吸烟,家庭年收入。
结果:在PM2.5及其成分浓度与哮喘之间没有发现显著关联。然而,怀孕期间喘息随着平均NO3-浓度而显著增加(四分位数间距增加的比值比为1.64[95%置信区间:1.10,2.47]).在妊娠中期的EC与PM2.5,NO3-之间也发现了显着的关联。EC,和OC浓度在儿童早期。PM2.5、SO4-、和NH4+浓度在妊娠中期增加鼻炎的风险。对HDM和动物蛋白的敏感性与怀孕期间暴露于SO42-和NH4等成分显着相关,但与产后暴露无关。
结论:暴露于NO3-,EC,和OC在怀孕和儿童早期与喘息有关。怀孕期间的SO42-和NH4暴露与对HDM和动物蛋白的敏感性有关。哮喘在任何时期都与PM2.5及其主要成分的暴露无关。
BACKGROUND: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with allergic diseases, including asthma. However, information about the effects of specific PM2.5 components is limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of exposure to chemical components of PM2.5 during pregnancy and early childhood with the development of asthma, allergies, and
sensitization in school-age children.
METHODS: This study included 2,408 children in the second grade of elementary school. Questionnaire surveys of respiratory/allergic symptoms and measurements of serum total IgE and specific IgE levels to house dust mite (HDM) and animal proteins were conducted. Exposures to ambient PM2.5 mass, sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC) of PM2.5 in participants\' residences from conception to age six were estimated using predictive models. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association of respiratory/allergic symptoms and allergen
sensitization with estimated exposure concentrations, after adjustment for survey year, sex, season of birth, feeding method during infancy, presence of siblings, history of lower respiratory tract infection, use of childcare facilities, passive smoking, presence of pets, mother\'s age, history of allergic diseases, smoking during pregnancy, and annual household income.
RESULTS: No significant association was found between PM2.5 and its component concentrations and asthma. However, wheezing significantly increased with mean NO3- concentrations during pregnancy (odds ratio of 1.64 [95% confidence interval: 1.10, 2.47] for an interquartile range increase). Significant associations were also found between EC in the second trimester of pregnancy and PM2.5, NO3-, EC, and OC concentrations in early childhood. Higher PM2.5, SO4-, and NH4+ concentrations during the second trimester increased the risk of rhinitis. Sensitizations to HDM and animal proteins were significantly associated with exposure to components such as SO42- and NH4+ during pregnancy but not with postnatal exposure.
CONCLUSIONS: Exposures to NO3-, EC, and OC during pregnancy and early childhood were associated with wheezing. SO42- and NH4+ exposures during pregnancy were associated with
sensitization to HDM and animal proteins. Asthma was not associated with exposure to PM2.5 and its main components at any period.