目的:研究酸刺激对人腮腺和下颌下腺唾液流量和成分的影响,从而为全面评价唾液腺功能的健康状况和疾病状况提供依据。
方法:在研究中,210名健康参与者在被动流口水下收集整个唾液样本,通过负压吸引收集腮腺和颌下腺分泌物。每1分钟将2%柠檬酸滴在舌尖上进行酸刺激,共5次,收集刺激的全唾液,腮腺和颌下腺唾液。将收集的唾液称重并计算唾液流速。K+,Na+,Cl-,Ca2+,总蛋白质,用生化分析仪检测唾液样品中的总磷和α-淀粉酶,比较分析了不同种类唾液的流量和成分的变化特征。
结果:酸刺激后,唾液流速明显增加。腮腺唾液的增加比例(10.7倍)远高于颌下腺唾液(2.9倍)。Na+的浓度,Cl-,Ca2+,腮腺唾液中的总蛋白和α-淀粉酶显著升高(P<0.05),但总磷和钾没有显着差异(P=0.89,P=0.34)。颌下腺唾液中Na+和Ca2+浓度显著升高(P<0.05),总磷浓度显著降低(P<0.05),Cl-的浓度增加,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.068)。总蛋白没有显著差异,K+和α-淀粉酶(P=0.85,P=0.07,P=0.95)。颌下腺唾液中总磷的复合分泌率无明显变化(P=0.066)。而K+的分泌率,Na+,Cl-,Ca2+,总蛋白和α-淀粉酶显著增加(P<0.01)。K+的复合分泌率,Na+,Cl-,Ca2+,腮腺唾液中总蛋白、总磷和α-淀粉酶均升高(P<0.01)。Na+的浓度,Cl-,K+,总磷,腮腺总蛋白和α-淀粉酶高于颌下腺(P<0.01),颌下腺唾液中Ca2+浓度显著高于腮腺(P<0.001)。
结论:腮腺对酸刺激的反应更强,颌下腺分泌更稳定。酸刺激显著影响唾液中电解质的浓度,复合分泌率是反映唾液流速和成分浓度的评价指标。腮腺在总蛋白的分泌中起着重要作用,唾液中的总磷和α-淀粉酶,颌下腺是唾液中Ca2+的主要来源。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of acid stimulation on salivary flow rate and compositions of human parotid and submandibular glands, so as to provide basis for comprehensive evaluation of salivary gland function in both health and disease status.
METHODS: In the study, 210 healthy participants\' whole saliva samples were collected under passive drooling, and their parotid gland and submandibular gland secretions were collected by negative pressure suction. 2% citric acid was dropped on the tip of tongue every 1 min for acid stimulation for a total of 5 times to collect stimulated whole saliva, parotid and submandibular gland saliva. The collected saliva was weighed and saliva flow rate was calculated. The K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, total protein, total phosphorus and α-amylase in saliva samples were detected by biochemical analyzer, and the changing features of flow rate and compositions of different kinds of saliva were compared and analyzed.
RESULTS: After acid stimulation, saliva flow rate significantly increased. The increase proportion of parotid gland saliva (10.7 folds) was much higher than that of submandibular gland saliva (2.9 folds). The concentrations of Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, total protein and α-amylase in parotid gland saliva increased significantly (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in total phosphorus and K+ (P=0.89, P=0.34). The concentration of Na+ and Ca2+ in saliva of submandibular gland increased significantly(P < 0.05), the concentration of total phosphorus decreased significantly(P < 0.05), and the concentration of Cl- increased, but the difference was not significant(P=0.068). There was no significant difference in total protein, K+ and α-amylase (P=0.85, P=0.07, P=0.95). The compound secretion rate of total phosphorus in saliva of submandibular gland remained unchanged(P=0.066), while the secretion rate of K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, total protein and α-amylase significantly increased(P < 0.01). The compound secretion rate of K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, total protein and total phosphorus and α-amylase in parotid gland saliva increased(P < 0.01). The concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, total phosphorus, total protein and α-amylase in parotid were higher than those in submandibular gland (P < 0.01), and the concentration of Ca2+ in submandibular gland saliva was significantly higher than that in parotid (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The response of parotid to acid stimulation is stronger, and the secretion of submandibular gland is more stable. Acid stimulation significantly influences the concentrations of electrolytes in saliva, and the composited secretion rate is an evaluation index to reflect both flow rate and composition concentration of saliva. The parotid gland plays an important role in the secretion of total protein, total phosphorus and α-amylase in saliva, and the submandibular gland is the main source of Ca2+ in saliva.