众所周知,青霉属包括最重要和广泛研究的真菌,是次生代谢产物的丰富来源。我们的研究旨在分析和调查生物活性,包括体外抗癌,抗炎和抗糖尿病特性,来自海洋真菌的代谢产物。用乙酸乙酯提取左旋疟原虫菌株N33.2的培养液中的化合物。令人失望的是,提取物的化学分析导致三种麦角烷型类固醇成分的分离,即谷甾醇(1),麦角甾醇过氧化物(2),和(3β,5α,22E)-ergosta-6,8(14),22-三烯-3,5-二醇(3)。其中,(3)是针对人类癌细胞系Hep-G2,A549和MCF-7的最有效的细胞毒性,IC50值为2.89,18.51和16.47µg/mL,分别,而化合物(1)对测试的癌细胞没有显著作用。基于LPS诱导的鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞中的NO产生来评价纯化化合物的抗炎性质。因此,测试化合物对巨噬细胞产生的NO有不同的抑制作用,化合物(2)在25µg/mL时的抑制率为81.37±1.35%。有趣的是,化合物(2)和(3)在体外实验中对胰脂肪酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶具有抑制活性。我们的研究带来了有关从P.levitum真菌中分离出的类固醇的化学性质和生物活性的新数据。
Genus Penicillium comprising the most important and extensively studied fungi has been well-known as a rich source of secondary metabolites. Our study aimed to analyze and investigate biological activities, including in vitro anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, of metabolites from a marine-derived fungus belonging to P. levitum. The chemical compounds in the culture broth of P. levitum strain N33.2 were extracted with ethyl acetate. Followingly, chemical analysis of the extract leaded to the isolation of three ergostane-type steroid components, namely cerevisterol (1), ergosterol peroxide (2), and (3β,5α,22E)-ergosta-6,8(14),22-triene-3,5-diol (3). Among these, (3) was the most potent cytotoxic against human cancer cell lines Hep-G2, A549 and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 2.89, 18.51, and 16.47 µg/mL, respectively, while the compound (1) showed no significant effect against tested cancer cells. Anti-inflammatory properties of purified compounds were evaluated based on NO-production in LPS-induced murine RAW264.7 macrophages. As a result, tested compounds performed diverse inhibitory effects on NO production by the macrophages, with the most significant inhibition rate of 81.37 ± 1.35% at 25 µg/mL by the compound (2). Interestingly, compounds (2) and (3) exhibited inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase enzymes in vitro assays. Our study brought out new data concerning the chemical properties and biological activities of isolated steroids from a P. levitum fungus.