随着沿海人口的激增和沿海人类活动的日益频繁,海洋毒害的案例,尤其是水母的毒液,显著上升。水母叮咬会引起一系列严重程度不同的症状,包括皮肤损伤,急性全身毒液效应,延迟的间接后遗症,甚至死亡,对患者造成严重困扰。在这些表现中,水母叮咬后皮肤损伤的发生是普遍和大量的。这些病变的特征是明显的水疱形成,大疱的发展,皮下出血,红斑,丘疹,海燕,瘀斑,溃疡或皮肤坏死。局部皮肤表现可能在最初的刺痛后持续数周甚至数月。尽管积极治疗,许多皮肤损伤在康复后仍然会导致明显的色素沉着或疤痕。为了有效地解决这个问题,必须进行全面的循证医学研究,阐明水母毒液中的各种成分,阐明其致病机制,制定针对性的治疗方案。本文旨在回顾皮肤症状,病理生理学,和水母叮咬的管理。这些考虑可以为医疗专业人员和公众提供全面的指导,并最大程度地减少水母叮咬造成的伤害。
With the surge in the human coastal population and the increasing frequency of human activities along the coast, cases of marine envenomation, particularly jellyfish envenomation, have notably risen. Jellyfish stings can induce a spectrum of symptoms that vary in severity, encompassing skin injuries, acute systemic venom effects, delayed indirect sequelae, and even fatality, causing significant distress to patients. Among these manifestations, the occurrence of skin lesions following jellyfish stings is prevalent and substantial. These lesions are characterized by evident blister formation, development of bullae, subcutaneous hemorrhage, erythema, papules, wheal, ecchymosis, and ulceration or skin necrosis. Local cutaneous manifestations may persist for several weeks or even months after the initial sting. Despite aggressive treatment, many skin injuries still result in significant pigmentation or scarring after recovery. To address this issue effectively, it is imperative to conduct comprehensive evidence-based medical research, elucidate various components within jellyfish venom, and elucidate its pathogenic mechanism to develop targeted treatment programs. This article aims to review the skin symptoms, pathophysiology, and management of jellyfish stings. Such considerations can provide comprehensive guidance to medical professionals and the public and minimize the harm caused by jellyfish stings.