UNASSIGNED: Bacterial infections causing digestive problems are among the most serious threats to Egypt\'s duck industry, owing to their effects on feed utilization and body weight gain.
UNASSIGNED: As a result, the goal of this study was to identify bacterial pathogens causing enteritis in ducks as well as testing their antimicrobials resistance capabilities.
UNASSIGNED: Forty-two duck flocks from different localities at four Egyptian Governorates (El-Sharkia, El-Gharbia, El-Dakahlia, and El-Qaliobia) have been subjected to clinical and postmortem examination as well as bacterial isolation and identification. The liver samples have been collected aseptically from freshly euthanized ducks for bacterial isolation followed by identification using conventional biochemical tests, VITEK 2 system, and confirmatory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of the uid A gene (beta-glucuronidase enzyme) of Escherichia coli. In addition, antimicrobial sensitivity testing for the isolates against different antimicrobials by the VITEK 2 system was used.
UNASSIGNED: Forty-six positive bacterial isolates were identified using conventional methods and the VITEK 2 system including Staphylococcus spp. (52.17%), E. coli (41.30%), and 2.17% for each of Enterococcus casseli lavus, Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae, and Enterobacter cloacae. PCR was positive for E. coli uid A gene at 556 bp. The antibiogram patterns of isolated pathogens from naturally infected ducks in our work demonstrated 87% multidrug resistance with varying results against different antimicrobial drugs tested. Such findings supported the fact of the upgrading multidrug resistance of Staphylococci and Enterobacteriacae.
UNASSIGNED: The most prevalent bacterial pathogens associated with duck enteritis were Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli with the first report of S. enterica subspecies arizonae causing duck enteritis in Egypt.

A straightforward synthesis of the hexasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of Salmonella arizonae O62 was achieved in very good yield applying sequential glycosylation strategy. Successful regioselective glycosylation of the di-hydroxylated L-rhamnose moiety allowed achieving the desired compound in minimum number of synthetic steps. TEMPO catalyzed and [bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene (BAIB) mediated late stage regioselective oxidation of a primary hydroxyl group into carboxylic acid was achieved in the hexasaccharide derivative. The glycosylation steps were high yielding with high stereochemical outcome. The desired hexasaccharide was obtained in 7% over all yield in fourteen steps starting from suitably functionalized monosaccharide intermediates.

BACKGROUND: Salmonella spp. represent a significant zoonotic concern to pregnant owners as infection can cause septic abortions and post-partum illness. Enteric salmonellosis is well documented in canines however urinary salmonellosis is rarely described and Salmonella prostatitis has never been described in dogs.
METHODS: This case report describes the diagnosis and management of a five-year-old, intact male Labrador Retriever mix dog that was diagnosed with Salmonella prostatitis among other comorbidities including heartworm infestation. Additionally, mitigation of zoonotic spread is emphasized as one of the owners was six months pregnant at the time of diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of Salmonella prostatitis is unknown but explanations pertaining to enteric salmonellosis, such as the lifestyle and stress of living as a stray may have contributed and contamination from an enteric infection may have also been possible. Several recommendations were made to reduce the likelihood of zoonotic transmission including frequent hand washing, avoidance of the patient\'s mouth, change in location of where the patient was fed, the use of an isolated area outside for urination and defecation, and the use of dilute bleach to clean areas soiled by the patient\'s bodily fluids. Monitoring of the prostatic infection was facilitated with prostatic wash instead of urine culture. This decision was made as prostatic infections have been shown to intermittently shed bacteria into the urine, leading to possible false negative urine cultures and potential catastrophic zoonotic infection.

Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (subspecies IIIa) is most frequently associated with reptiles but is also a bacterial pathogen of poultry, primarily of young turkeys where it induces septicemia, neurologic signs, and increased mortality. Arizonosis clinical cases in broiler chickens have recently been documented in the United States, driving the development of a rapid, molecular-based diagnostic for this subspecies. S. enterica subsp. arizonae is a genetically distinct subgroup of S. enterica, primarily diagnosed through culture followed by serotyping or biochemical identification, which are costly in both time and laboratory resources. Real-time/quantitative PCR offers rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella sp. in laboratory and diagnostic samples; however, no such methodology exists to differentiate S. enterica subsp. arizonae from other Salmonella sp. In this study, we designed a quantitative PCR assay for S. enterica subsp. arizonae. The assay is able to differentiate S. enterica subsp. arizonae from other S. enterica subspecies, including S. enterica subsp. diarizonae (IIIb), and other non-Salmonella bacteria. Validation, including 56 different S. enterica subsp. arizonae serovars, demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This assay provides a rapid diagnostic option for suspected cases of arizonosis in poultry.

A 72-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with bilateral pleural effusions. She had a 31-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus and had been treated with prednisolone and azathioprine. Pleural fluid culture revealed Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae infection. This pathogen rarely infects humans but is commonly found in the gut flora of reptiles, especially snakes. Our patient had not come in contact with reptiles. Despite antibiotic therapies and negative pleural cultures, the pleural effusion persisted. Colon cancer was detected concomitantly, and she finally died. The autopsy revealed that the pleuritis was due to underlying diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae is a rare pathogen but has been reported in the literature in immunosuppressed and rarely immunocompetent patients. Most disease states have been reported in animals and reptiles. Human exposure has resulted in a range of complications from skin and soft tissue infections to bacteremia and periprosthetic joint infections. Predisposing factors such as age, comorbidities, and use of Mexican folk healing practices increase the risk of developing an infection. S. arizonae has been associated with gastrointestinal infections in several parts of the country and on rare occasions have been isolated from skin and soft tissues, prosthetic joints, and empyema. Case: This is a unique case of a large de novo chest abscess that developed in a 59-year-old diabetic male from the Southwest region with cultures growing Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae. This patient presented without predisposing factors and did not appear to be ill at the time of admission. He was treated successfully by aspirating the abscess along with a 2-week course of ceftriaxone intravenously.

暂无摘要。

DNA vaccines, the third-generation vaccines, were extensively studied. The attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis (S. choleraesuis) was widely focused as a carrier to deliver DNA vaccines in the chromosome-plasmid balanced-lethal system. The efficacy of inhibin DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated S. choleraesuis was proved in mice and cows in our previous studies. In this study, the efficacy of inhibin DNA vaccine was confirmed in rhesus monkeys. To further study the biodistribution and safety, the mice were immunized under laboratory conditions. The results of the rhesus monkeys showed the plasma IgA and IgG titres against inhibin were elevated, and the oestradiol (E2 ) and progesterone (P4 ) levels were increased with immunizing inhibin DNA vaccine. The biodistribution and safety assessment displayed the body weight, pathological change and haematology indexes where there is no significant difference between vaccinated mice and control. And the genomics analysis showed there was no integration of the inhibin gene into the mouse genome 2 months after immunization. This study indicated the inhibin DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated S. choleraesuis was safe. And this vaccine was a potential means to improve their reproductive traits in primates and other animals.

BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica subsp arizonae is a common gut inhabitant of reptiles (snakes are the most common reservoir, but it also occurs in turtles). Alhough human cases owing to this organism are exceedingly rare, it may occasionally infect young infants and immunocompromised individuals with a history of intimate associations with reptiles. Our case is the 20th one among the infections with S arizonae in children, but the 2nd one of otitis and the first of mastoiditis. The other cases had different anatomical locations, such as gastroenteritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, ankle infection, wound infection, and sinusitis.
UNASSIGNED: We report a rare case of otitis with Salmonella in a previously healthy adolescent, which was most likely acquired after bathing in a lake. The ear infection was complicated with mastoiditis. Audiometric testing showed a moderately conductive hearing loss (60 dB on pure-tone average).
METHODS: Standard therapy for S arizonae was initiated. The surgery revealed a \"hidden\" cholesteatoma. Surgical management comprised of canal wall up mastoidectomy with attico-antrotomy and posterior tympanotomy followed by tympanoplasty.
RESULTS: Daily postoperative dressing care of the incision, along with antibiotic lavage of the external auditory canal packing, ensured a favorable evolution. The functional gain was important; the 1-month postsurgical pure tone audiogram indicated nearly normal hearing (a mean of 25 dB for air conduction thresholds).
UNASSIGNED: Salmonella enterica serotype arizonae is a rare cause of human infection, being a common organism in reptiles, like snakes and turtles. Young children are at a particular risk for acquiring such infections. Our study might encourage further epidemiologic investigations into these infections to generate a more effective strategy among public health agencies.

Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae is a bacteria commonly found in the gut of reptiles. In humans, infections caused by this organism are rare. Most cases originate from southwestern United States, where rattlesnake products are often used in traditional medicine. In Asia, only a few cases have been described. This case report documents a case involving a 64-year-old woman with pyelonephritis caused by S. arizonae in Japan. She had no history of contact with reptiles or foreign travel. The likely route of transmission is unclear. She was treated with cephalosporins for 14 days and the pyelonephritis appeared to be resolved; however recurrence occurred twice -after two weeks and then after one month. Prolonged antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin resolved the infection. This case demonstrates that pyelonephritis associated with S. arizonae can be found outside of the typical geographic region and may not be associated with typical animal hosts.