退休橄榄球联盟和联盟球员的健康和福祉,特别是关于脑震荡的长期影响,是主要关注的问题。脑震荡已被确定为神经退行性疾病的主要危险因素,如阿尔茨海默氏症和肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS),从事接触运动的运动员。这项研究旨在评估有脑震荡史的英国退休橄榄球运动员与非接触式运动组之间特定生物标志物的差异。专注于与阿尔茨海默氏症相关的生物标志物,ALS,和CTE。我们随机选择了男性退休橄榄球或非接触式运动运动员的样本(n=56)。平均年龄为41.84±6.44,从运动退休后的平均年龄为7.76±6.69,对于有严重脑震荡病史(职业生涯中>5次脑震荡)的参与者(n=30)。健康对照组的平均年龄为45.75±11.52,退休后的平均年龄为6.75±4.64(n=26)。血清生物标志物(t-tau,RBP-4,SAA,NF-L,和视黄醇),血浆细胞因子,和与血清来源的外来体(Aβ42,p-tau181,p-tau217和p-tau231)相关的生物标志物使用经过验证的商业ELISA测定法进行分析。在两组之间比较所选择的生物标志物的结果。与非接触运动组相比,在严重脑震荡组的病史中,包括t-tau和p-tau181的生物标志物显着升高(t-tau:p<0.01;p-tau181:p<0.05)。虽然p-tau217、p-tau231、SAA的组间差异,NF-L,视黄醇,和Aβ42没有显着差异,在脑震荡组中,Aβ42,p-tau217和p-tau231水平有升高趋势.有趣的是,血清来源的外泌体大小明显更大(p<0.01),高度脑震荡组血清RBP-4水平显著降低(p<0.05)。这些发现表明,在职业生涯中有多次脑震荡史的退役运动员改变了外泌体大小的血清测量值,t-tau,p-tau181和RBP-4。这些生物标志物应该进一步探索,以预测未来的神经退行性结果。包括ALS,那些有脑震荡史的人。
The health and well-being of retired rugby union and league players, particularly regarding the long-term effects of concussions, are of major concern. Concussion has been identified as a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer\'s and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), in athletes engaged in contact sports. This study aimed to assess differences in specific biomarkers between UK-based retired rugby players with a history of concussion and a non-contact sports group, focusing on biomarkers associated with Alzheimer\'s, ALS, and CTE. We randomly selected a sample of male retired rugby or non-contact sport athletes (n = 56). The mean age was 41.84 ± 6.44, and the mean years since retirement from the sport was 7.76 ± 6.69 for participants with a history of substantial concussions (>5 concussions in their career) (n = 30). The mean age was 45.75 ± 11.52, and the mean years since retirement was 6.75 ± 4.64 for the healthy controls (n = 26). Serum biomarkers (t-tau, RBP-4, SAA, Nf-L, and retinol), plasma cytokines, and biomarkers associated with serum-derived exosomes (Aβ42, p-tau181, p-tau217, and p-tau231) were analyzed using validated commercial ELISA assays. The results of the selected biomarkers were compared between the two groups. Biomarkers including t-tau and p-tau181 were significantly elevated in the history of the substantial concussion group compared to the non-contact sports group (t-tau: p < 0.01; p-tau181: p < 0.05). Although between-group differences in p-tau217, p-tau231, SAA, Nf-L, retinol, and Aβ42 were not significantly different, there was a trend for higher levels of Aβ42, p-tau217, and p-tau231 in the concussed group. Interestingly, the serum-derived exosome sizes were significantly larger (p < 0.01), and serum RBP-4 levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the highly concussed group. These findings indicate that retired athletes with a history of multiple concussions during their careers have altered serum measurements of exosome size, t-tau, p-tau181, and RBP-4. These biomarkers should be explored further for the prediction of future neurodegenerative outcomes, including ALS, in those with a history of concussion.