Oocyte in vitro maturation is a technique in assisted reproductive technology. Thousands of genes show abnormally high expression in in vitro maturated metaphase II (MII) oocytes compared to those matured in vivo in bovines, mice, and humans. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. Here, we use poly(A) inclusive RNA isoform sequencing (PAIso-seq) for profiling the transcriptome-wide poly(A) tails in both in vivo and in vitro matured mouse and human oocytes. Our results demonstrate that the observed increase in maternal mRNA abundance is caused by impaired deadenylation in in vitro MII oocytes. Moreover, the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of dormant Btg4 and Cnot7 mRNAs, which encode key components of deadenylation machinery, is impaired in in vitro MII oocytes, contributing to reduced translation of these deadenylase machinery components and subsequently impaired global maternal mRNA deadenylation. Our findings highlight impaired maternal mRNA deadenylation as a distinct molecular defect in in vitro MII oocytes.

目的： 探讨儿童肾脏透明细胞肉瘤（CCSK）的临床病理学特征、诊断及预后。 方法： 收集首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院及河南省儿童医院2016年1月至2022年6月诊断的46例CCSK，观察其临床特征、组织学形态、免疫组织化学、分子遗传学特征及预后。 结果： 46例患者男性30例，女性16例，发病年龄3个月至11岁（中位年龄3岁），均为单侧，肿瘤最大径4.5~19.0 cm（中位数11 cm）；Ⅰ期15例，Ⅱ期26例，Ⅲ期4例，Ⅳ期1例；组织学除经典型外，常混有2~5种组织学亚型。术后25例（54.3%）转移和/或复发，5例死亡，复发时间1~107个月不等（中位数16个月），远处转移部位主要是肺、骨、脑。肿瘤最大径与无进展生存率存在相关性，临床分期与总生存率差异具有统计学意义。免疫组织化学标志物BCOR、Cyclin D1具有高灵敏度；分子病理检测显示89.1%（41/46）存在BCOR基因第15号外显子内部串联重复，2.2%（1/46）YWHAE-NUTM2重排，2.2%（1/46）BCOR-CCNB3基因融合，三者互斥，三者联合检测阳性率达93.5%（43/46）。 结论： CCSK好发于婴幼儿，肿瘤体积和分期与预后相关，组织病理联合免疫组织化学和分子检测可显著提高诊断准确性。.

In addition to mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial double-stranded RNA (mtdsRNA) is exported from mitochondria. However, specific channels for RNA transport have not been demonstrated. Here, we begin to characterize channel candidates for mtdsRNA export from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol. Down-regulation of SUV3 resulted in the accumulation of mtdsRNAs in the matrix, whereas down-regulation of PNPase resulted in the export of mtdsRNAs to the cytosol. Targeting experiments show that PNPase functions in both the intermembrane space and matrix. Strand-specific sequencing of the double-stranded RNA confirms the mitochondrial origin. Inhibiting or down-regulating outer membrane proteins VDAC1/2 and BAK/BAX or inner membrane proteins PHB1/2 strongly attenuated the export of mtdsRNAs to the cytosol. The cytosolic mtdsRNAs subsequently localized to large granules containing the stress protein TIA-1 and activated the type 1 interferon stress response pathway. Abundant mtdsRNAs were detected in a subset of non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines that were glycolytic, indicating relevance in cancer biology. Thus, we propose that mtdsRNA is a new damage-associated molecular pattern that is exported from mitochondria in a regulated manner.

BACKGROUND The relationship between clonal hematopoiesis (CH)-associated gene mutations and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has been extensively studied since next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology became widely available. However, research has mainly focused on the relationship between donor CH mutations and transplant prognosis, and research into the relationship between CH mutations in the recipient and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is lacking. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed NGS results and their correlation with aGVHD and prognosis in 196 AML patients undergoing allo-HSCT. RESULTS A total of 93 (47.4%) patients had CH mutations. The most frequently mutated genes were DNMT3A (28 of 196; 14.3%), TET2 (22 of 196; 11.2%), IDH1 (15 of 196; 7.7%), IDH2 (14 of 196; 7.1%), and ASXL1 (13 of 196; 6.6%). The incidence of aGVHD was higher in patients older than 45 years old with DTA mutations (DNMT3A, TET2 or ASXL1). DNMT3A mutation but not with TET2 or ASXL1 mutation was an independent risk factor for aGVHD in patients receiving allo-HSCT older than 45 years old. With a median follow-up of 42.7 months, CH mutations were not associated with overall survival and leukemia-free survival. CONCLUSIONS DNMT3A mutation, but not TET2 or ASXL1 mutation, was associated with higher incidence of aGVHD.

ANKRD11 (Ankyrin Repeat Domain 11) is a chromatin regulator and a causative gene for KBG syndrome, a rare developmental disorder characterized by multiple organ abnormalities, including cardiac defects. However, the role of ANKRD11 in heart development is unknown. The neural crest plays a leading role in embryonic heart development, and its dysfunction is implicated in congenital heart defects. We demonstrate that conditional knockout of Ankrd11 in the murine embryonic neural crest results in persistent truncus arteriosus, ventricular dilation, and impaired ventricular contractility. We further show these defects occur due to aberrant cardiac neural crest cell organization leading to outflow tract septation failure. Lastly, knockout of Ankrd11 in the neural crest leads to impaired expression of various transcription factors, chromatin remodelers and signaling pathways, including mTOR, BMP and TGF-β in the cardiac neural crest cells. In this work, we identify Ankrd11 as a regulator of neural crest-mediated heart development and function.

UNASSIGNED: Long non-coding RNAs are important regulators in cancer biology and function either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes. Their dysregulation has been closely associated with tumorigenesis. LINC00265 is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma and is a prognostic biomarker of this cancer. However, the mechanism underlying its function in cancer progression remains poorly understood.
UNASSIGNED: Here, the regulatory role of LINC00265 in lung adenocarcinoma was examined using lung cancer cell lines, clinical samples, and xenografts.
UNASSIGNED: We found that high levels of LINC00265 expression were associated with shorter overall survival rate of patients, whereas knockdown of LINC00265 inhibited proliferation of cancer cell lines and tumor growth in xenografts. Western blot and flow cytometry analyses indicated that silencing of LINC00265 induced autophagy and apoptosis. Moreover, we showed that LINC00265 interacted with and stabilized the transcriptional co-repressor Switch-independent 3a (SIN3A), which is a scaffold protein functioning either as a tumor repressor or as an oncogene in a context-dependent manner. Silencing of SIN3A also reduced proliferation of lung cancer cells, which was correlated with the induction of autophagy. These observations raise the possibility that LINC00265 functions to promote the oncogenic activity of SIN3A in lung adenocarcinoma.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings thus identify SIN3A as a LINC00265-associated protein and should help to understand the mechanism underlying LINC00265-mediated oncogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major heritable genetic disease in sub-Saharan Africa, including Mauritania. Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) can affect the pathophysiology, moderate the clinical course, and offer prospects for curative treatment of SCD. This study aimed to investigate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BCL11A gene on the levels of HbF and hematological parameters in Mauritanian sickle cell (HbSS) patients.
METHODS: Complete blood count was assessed in 565 patients suspected to have SCD. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to identify the HbSS, and sequencing was used for genotyping three SNPs: rs4671393 (A>G) and rs11886868 (C>T) in the intron 2 and rs1052520 (G>A) in the 3\'UTR regions of the BCL11A gene in 50 sickle cell patients.
RESULTS: The prevalence of HbSS among the study population was 8.8% (50/565), and the mean (± standard deviation) of HbF level was 15.0% (± 6.0%). Sequencing showed the presence of three genotypes: AA (13.6%), AG (46.6%), GG (39.6%) in rs4671393; CC (17.6%), CT (48.7%), and TT (33.6%) in rs11886868. All samples from HbSS individuals displayed a wild-type genotype in the rs1052520 allele. The prevalence of minor alleles A (rs4671393) and C (rs11886868) were 37% and 39%, respectively. There was a statistically significant association (p = 0.034) between rs4671393 SNP and elevated HbF (mean 12.72 ± 6.26%).
CONCLUSIONS: The study of three SNPs in the BCL11A locus in Mauritanian patients with SCD showed a significant association of rs4671393 allele with the HbF level. Further research is needed to explore additional SNPs in the BCL11A locus and investigate other genetic markers reported to modulate HbF levels, such as HBS1L-MYB and Xmn1-HBG2, to improve the management of this potentially life-threatening condition in Mauritania.

Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) modify the amino-terminal tails of the core histone proteins via acetylation, regulating chromatin structure and transcription. GENERAL CONTROL NON-DEREPRESSIBLE 5 (GCN5) is a HAT that specifically acetylates H3K14 residues. GCN5 has been associated with cell division and differentiation, meristem function, root, stem, foliar, and floral development, and plant environmental response. The flowers of gcn5 plants display a reduced stamen length and exhibit male sterility relative to the wild-type plants. We show that these effects may arise from gibberellin (GA)-signaling defects. The signaling pathway of bioactive GAs depends on the proteolysis of their repressors, DELLA proteins. The repressor GA (RGA) DELLA protein represses plant growth, inflorescence, and flower and seed development. Our molecular data indicate that GCN5 is required for the activation and H3K14 acetylation of genes involved in the late stages of GA biosynthesis and catabolism. We studied the genetic interaction of the RGA and GCN5; the RGA can partially suppress GCN5 action during the whole plant life cycle. The reduced elongation of the stamen filament of gcn5-6 mutants is reversed in the rga-t2;gcn5-6 double mutants. RGAs suppress the GCN5 effect on the gene expression and histone acetylation of GA catabolism and GA signaling. Interestingly, the RGA and RGL2 do not suppress ADA2b function, suggesting that ADA2b acts downstream of GA signaling and is distinct from GCN5 activity. In conclusion, we propose that the action of GCN5 on stamen elongation is partially mediated by RGA and GA signaling.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the DTA (DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1) mutations in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and preliminarily explore their correlation with thromboembolism.
METHODS: Clinical characteristics of 62 patients diagnosed de novo MPN at Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from September 2016 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Next-generation sequencing was used to detect 35 MPN-related genes, and the DTA mutations in MPN patients and their relationship with thromboembolic events were analyzed.
RESULTS: 75.8% (47/62) of the patients presented pathogenic non-driver mutations, and the mean number of pathogenic non-driver mutations per patient was 1.08. Among them, the most frequently mutated non-driver genes were TET2 (38.7%, 24/62), DNMT3A (9.7%, 6/62) and ASXL1 (6.5%, 4/62). The presence of DTA gene mutations was 50% (31/62) in the total MPN patients, and mainly accompanied by driver mutations. The mutation rate of DTA in patients aged ≥60 years was significantly higher than that in patients <60 years old (P =0.039). The incidence of thromboembolism in patients with DTA mutation was 58.1% (18/31), which was significantly higher than that in patients without DTA mutation (19.4%, 6/31) (P =0.002). The TET2 gene mutation rate in MPN patients with thromboembolism was 66.7% (16/24), which was significantly higher than that in patients without thromboembolism (21.1%, 8/38) (P =0.00).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MPN have a higher incidence of DTA mutations, which are mainly accompanied by driver gene mutations. The incidence of thromboembolism in MPN patients with DTA mutations is higher than that in patients without DTA mutations. Especially, the elderly (≥60 years) essential thrombocythemia(ET) and polycythemia vera(PV) patients with TET2 mutation should be vigilant for thromboembolic events.
UNASSIGNED: 骨髓增殖性肿瘤患者DTA突变与血栓栓塞关系研究.
UNASSIGNED: 分析骨髓增殖性肿瘤（MPN）患者DTA（DNMT3A、TET2和ASXL1）基因突变情况，并探讨DTA突变与血栓栓塞的关系。.
UNASSIGNED: 回顾性分析2016年9月至2022年9月在山东第一医科大学附属中心医院确诊的62例初诊MPN患者的临床资料,采用二代测序检测技术对35种MPN相关基因进行检测，分析MPN患者DTA突变情况及其与血栓栓塞事件的关系。.
UNASSIGNED: 75.8%（47/62）的患者可检测出非驱动基因突变，每个患者的平均突变数为1.08个，发生突变的非驱动基因主要有TET2（38.7%，24/62）、DNMT3A（9.7%，6/62）及ASXL1（6.5%，4/62）。62例MPN患者中31例（50.0%）检出DTA基因突变，主要与驱动基因伴随出现；≥60岁的MPN患者DTA突变率明显高于<60岁的患者(P =0.039)。存在DTA突变的患者血栓栓塞发生率为58.1%(18/31)，明显高于无DTA突变的MPN患者（19.4%，6/31）（P =0.002）。发生血栓栓塞的患者的TET2基因突变率为66.7%（16/24），显著高于未发生血栓栓塞患者的TET2基因突变率（21.1%，8/38）（P =0.00）。.
UNASSIGNED: MPN患者DTA突变发生率较高，主要与驱动基因突变伴随发生。DTA突变的MPN患者血栓栓塞发生率明显高于无DTA突变的患者，尤其是伴有TET2突变的老年患者需警惕血栓栓塞事件的发生。.

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