建立免于疾病是监测的关键组成部分,可能对贸易和经济产生直接影响。跨界人口在可变立法方面构成挑战,努力,和国家之间的数据可用性,经常限制监视效率。慢性消耗性疾病(CWD)是子宫颈的传染性朊病毒病。长的潜伏期和缓慢的初始流行病增长使得在流行病的早期阶段很难发现CWD。最近在挪威的野生驯鹿中出现了CWD,对挪威的大约250,000只半驯化驯鹿和瑞典的250,000只半驯化驯鹿构成威胁,包括跨界人口。这里,我们对挪威和瑞典所有驯鹿地区的监测数据(2016-2022年)进行了首次分析,以确定免于CWD感染的可能性.在这六年中,在瑞典测试了6017只半驯化的驯鹿,在挪威测试了51,974只。大多数样本来自健康的屠宰动物(低风险)。驯鹿使用大型和偏远地区,并且难以获得来自下降的种群和具有临床症状的动物的(高风险)样本。针对输入参数的七个不同值集合运行了场景树模型(区域内和区域之间的设计流行率,引入的可能性,和相对风险),以确定对监测敏感性的影响。在国家一级,到2021年,瑞典和挪威的疾病自由的平均概率分别为59.0%和87.0%.对敏感性的最明显影响是在地区内部和地区之间改变设计患病率。相对风险比的不确定性对瑞典的敏感性影响大于挪威,由于前者高危人群中动物的比例较高(13.8%vs.2.1%,分别)。瑞典49个地区中的8.2%和挪威46个地区中的43.5%达到90%或更高的无疾病概率,设计患病率为0.5%。瑞典的29个地区(59.2%)和挪威的10个地区(21.7%)的自由概率保持在60%以下。在国家一级,只有挪威的样本数量足够多,在10年内达到95%以上的疾病自由概率.我们的跨境评估为根据CWD患病率和传播风险的空间格局设计未来的监视工作提供了重要的知识库。
Establishing freedom from disease is a key component of surveillance and may have direct consequences for trade and economy. Transboundary populations pose challenges in terms of variable legislation, efforts, and data availability between countries, often limiting surveillance efficiency. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious prion disease of cervids. The long incubation period and slow initial epidemic growth make it notoriously difficult to detect CWD in the early phase of an epidemic. The recent emergence of CWD in wild reindeer in Norway poses a threat to approximately 250,000 semi-domesticated reindeer in Norway and 250,000 in Sweden, including transboundary populations. Here, we provide a first analysis of surveillance data (2016-2022) from all reindeer districts in Norway and Sweden to determine the probability of freedom from CWD infection. During the six years, 6017 semi-domesticated reindeer were tested in Sweden and 51,974 in Norway. Most samples came from healthy slaughtered animals (low risk). Reindeer use large and remote areas and (high risk) samples from fallen stock and animals with clinical signs were difficult to obtain. A scenario tree model was run for seven different set of values for the input parameters (design prevalence within and between districts, probability of introduction, and relative risks) to determine the effect on surveillance sensitivity. At the national level, the mean probability of disease freedom was 59.0 % in Sweden and 87.0 % in Norway by 2021. The most marked effect on sensitivity was varying the design prevalence both within and between districts. Uncertainty about relative risk ratios affected sensitivity for Sweden more than for Norway, due to the higher proportion of animals in the high-risk group in the former (13.8 % vs. 2.1 %, respectively). A probability of disease freedom of 90 % or higher was reached in 8.2 % of the 49 districts in Sweden and 43.5 % of the 46 districts in Norway for a design prevalence of 0.5 %. The probability of freedom remained below 60 % in 29 districts (59.2 %) in Sweden and 10 districts (21.7 %) in Norway. At the national level, only Norway had a sufficiently large number of samples to reach a probability of more than 95 % of disease freedom within a period of 10 years. Our cross-border assessment forms an important knowledge base for designing future surveillance efforts depending on the spatial pattern of prevalence of CWD and risk of spread.