Background: Raoultella planticola is an uncommon gram-negative organism found in the environment. Patients and Methods: The patient, an 81-year-old female who had undergone total cystectomy and bilateral ureteral stoma surgery, presented to the hospital with a fever. It was determined that Raoultella planticola was responsible for the bacteremia. Results: Rapid identification of bacteria using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in blood culture samples and appropriate antibacterial treatment was begun and the patient was discharged three days later. Conclusions: This case emphasizes the presence of a rare pathogen as the cause of bacteremia and underscores the importance of utilizing rapid methods for bacterial identification to establish an accurate diagnosis.

The case presentation discusses the clinical evaluation and treatment of a two-year-old female exhibiting symptoms such as dysuria, constipation, and foul-smelling urine. Upon evaluation, the patient was found to be co-infected with Raoultella planticola and Escherichia coli. This co-infection poses unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment, as both pathogens may contribute to the manifestation of symptoms. The initial diagnosis of Raoultella planticola is notable, given its relatively rare occurrence and the potential for misdiagnosis. This case study contributes to our understanding of diagnosing and distinguishing symptoms at various stages of the illness, particularly in cases of co-infection. Following an initial urinalysis and urine culture confirming the presence of both pathogens, a 10-day course of antibiotics was prescribed. Subsequent examinations at Rady Children\'s Hospital-San Diego included kidney and abdomen imaging to rule out underlying issues. The co-infection underscores the importance of thorough diagnostic procedures and tailored treatment approaches. Additionally, it highlights the need for heightened awareness among healthcare providers regarding emerging pathogens and their potential clinical implications.

Raoultella planticola is an emerging bacterial pathogen responsible for causing infections in both humans and animals. Unfortunately, sporadic reports of carbapenem-resistant R. planticola (CRRP) have been documented worldwide. Here we first reported the complete genome sequence of a CRRP isolate RP_3045 co-carrying blaIMP-4 and blaSHV-12, recovered from a patient in China, and its genetic relatedness to 82 R. planticola strains deposited in the NCBI GenBank database, sourced from humans, animals, and the environment. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and Oxford Nanopore MinION platforms. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed and visualized using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based strategy. The complete genome of R. planticola strain RP_3045 was determined to be 6,312,961 bp in length, comprising five contigs that included one chromosome and four plasmids. RP_3045 was found to be multidrug-resistant and harbored several antimicrobial resistance genes, including both blaIMP-4 and blaSHV-12 genes located on a single plasmid. The most closely related strain was hkcpe63, recovered from humans in Hong Kong, China, in 2014, with 506 SNP differences. R. planticola strains were distributed globally and exhibited strong associations among isolates obtained from different sectors. This study provides evidence for the potential of R. planticola to disseminate carbapenem resistance across different sectors, highlighting the critical need for active and continuous surveillance of CRRP.

UNASSIGNED: Nanoparticles can be chemically, physically, or biologically synthesized. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing microbes is a promising process due to the low toxicity and high stability of AgNPs. Here, AgNPs were fabricated by Gram-negative Raoultella planticola.
UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to assess the ability of Raoultella planticola to produce nanoparticles (NPs) and evaluate their antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDR). Additionally, the study aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of biosynthesized nanoparticles to well-known conventional antibiotics Azithromycin and Tetracycline.
UNASSIGNED: AgNPs were characterized using visual observation, UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The TEM and SEM were used to determine the size and shape of the nanoparticles. The XRD data were recorded in the 2θ ranging from 20-80° to analyze the crystalline structure of nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity was detected using a 96-well microtiter plate.
UNASSIGNED: The UV-vis absorption recorded from the 300 - 900 nm spectrum was well defined at 420 nm, and the XRD pattern was compatible with Braggs\'s reflection of the silver nanocrystals. FTIR showed absorbance bands corresponding to different functional groups. TEM and SEM images showed non-uniform spherical and AgNPs of 10-80 nm. XRD data confirmed that the resultant particles are AgNPs. The AgNPs showed effective activity against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., E. coli, Enterobacter sp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. The AgNPs demonstrated effectiveness in lower concentrations compared to broad-spectrum antibiotics.
UNASSIGNED: These data reveal that AgNP generated by R. planticola was more efficient against MDR microorganisms than commercial antibiotics. However, the cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles must be further studied.

We present a case of Raoultella planticola (R. planticola) infection that resulted in community-acquired pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient with an eight-week history of productive cough. This gram-negative bacterium is typically found in the environment and has the potential to infect humans. Raoultella planticola infections in humans have been recorded in several case reports from throughout the world in recent years, usually affecting immunocompromised patients. Although R. planticola is sensitive to most antibiotic groups, recent studies have revealed an increase in the infrequent acquisition of resistance genes in R. planticola, such as carbapenem resistance, making this pathogen a potential emergent threat. Our patient acquired R. planticola pneumonia in the absence of any underlying risk factors, making this the first case in the UK of R. planticola causing community-acquired pneumonia in an immunocompetent person.

Infective endocarditis remains a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, regardless of advances in diagnosis and therapeutics. The etiology, microbiology, and epidemiology of infective endocarditis have changed in the last years, with healthcare-associated infective endocarditis being responsible for a myriad of cases. Raoultella planticola is rarely the cause of infective endocarditis. We present a 72-year-old Caucasian female with a history of mitral valve replacement for rheumatic valve disease two months before the current presentation, without any immunosuppressive pathologies, diagnosed with Raoultella planticola infective endocarditis. Long-drawn antibiotic treatment led to a full recovery with no evidence of recurrence or relapse. This report highlights the importance of a multimodal approach for the diagnosis of bacterial etiology, the importance of selection and duration of an appropriate antibiotic regimen, and the presence of a rare opportunistic bacteria that has proven pathogenicity in a wide range of organ systems, usually in patients with several risk factors.

Bullous lung lesions from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, causing pneumothorax, are a rare complication, affecting up to 1% of infected patients. Raoultella planticola is an aerobic, gram-negative bacteria known to cause opportunistic infection. We present a rare case of spontaneous pneumothorax from rupture of lung bulla as a late sequela from COVID-19 pneumonia and superinfection of the bulla by R. planticola. Although superinfection of bullous lesions is known, this is the first reported case of R. planticola pneumonia in a patient with COVID-19 lung bullae. COVID-19 patients are at heightened risk for bullous lung lesions and superinfection by opportunistic organisms; thus, they should be followed up closely.

Raoultella planticola is a Gram-negative bacterium rarely involved in urinary tract infections. The patient was an 80-year-old woman with several associated diseases who presented to the hospital with fever and dysuria. Raoultella planticola was identified to be the causative agent of the urinary tract infection. Antibacterial treatment led to a full recovery within 7 days. This report highlights the presence of a rare pathogen as a causative agent in the case of a urinary tract infection and also the importance of using multiple methods in order to identify bacteria and to establish the diagnosis.

Isolation of heavy metals-resistant bacteria from their original habitat is a crucial step in bioremediation. Six lead (Pb) resistant bacterial strains were isolated and identified utilizing 16S rRNA to be Enterobacter ludwigii FACU 4, Shigella flexneri FACU, Microbacterium paraoxydans FACU, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumonia FACU, Raoultella planticola FACU 3 and Staphylococcus xylosus FACU. It was determined that all these strains had their Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to be 2500 ppm except R. planticola FACU 3 has a higher maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) up to 2700 ppm. We evaluated the survival of all six strains on lead stress, the efficiency of biosorption and lead uptake. It was found that R. planticola FACU 3 is the highest MTC and S. xylosus FACU was the lowest MTC in this evaluation. Therefore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the difference between the morphological responses of these two strains to lead stress. These findings led to explore more about the genome of R. planticola FACU 3 using illumine Miseq technology. Draft genome sequence analysis revealed the genome size of 5,648,460 bp and G + C content 55.8% and identified 5526 CDS, 75 tRNA and 4 rRNA. Sequencing technology facilitated the identification of about 47 genes related to resistance to many heavy metals including lead, arsenic, zinc, mercury, nickel, silver and chromium of R. planticola FACU 3 strain. Moreover, genome sequencing identified plant growth-promoting genes (PGPGs) including indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, phenazine production, trehalose metabolism and 4-hydroxybenzoate production genes and a lot of antibiotic-resistant genes.

Raoultella planticola is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterium, abundant in the environment, but rarely associated with pathology in humans. Notably, few urinary tract infections caused by R. planticola have been reported. To our knowledge, we are presenting here the first case of urinary tract infection caused by R. planticola in an HIV-infected individual. It is a 50-year-old female, with a history of HIV-1 infection treated for three years. At admission, her CD4 count was 70 cells/mL, and the main complaints were severe diarrhea and cough. She was diagnosed and treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and E. Coli enteritis. Initially, we observed a good evolution. However, on day 21 of hospitalization, she presented with fever and dysuria. Urinalysis revealed the presence of R. planticola with resistance to multiple antibiotics. We also detected that she has an HIV-2 but not HIV-1 infection. After receiving the right regimen, she was confirmed cured of her bacterial infections.