基金会疾病,包括糖尿病性视网膜病变(DR)和年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD),显著影响全球视觉健康,导致视力受损和不可逆转的失明。由于存在多个生理和解剖学屏障,将药物输送到眼睛的后段仍然是一个挑战。常规的药物递送方法通常证明是无效的并且可能引起副作用。纳米材料,其特点是体积小,大表面积,可调属性,和生物相容性,增强渗透性,稳定性,和靶向药物。眼睛纳米材料涵盖了广泛的范围,包括脂质纳米材料,聚合物纳米材料,金属纳米材料,碳纳米材料,量子点纳米材料,等等。这些创新材料,通常与水凝胶和外泌体结合,被设计来解决多种机制,包括巨噬细胞极化,活性氧(ROS)清除,抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)。与传统模式相比,纳米药物实现受监管和持续的递送,减少给药频率,长时间的药物作用,和最小化的副作用。这项研究探讨了药物递送到后段所遇到的障碍,并强调了纳米医学促进的进展。Prospective,这些发现为下一代眼部药物递送系统和更深层次的临床研究铺平了道路,旨在改进治疗方法,减轻患者负担,并最终改善全球的视觉健康。
Funduscopic diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), significantly impact global visual health, leading to impaired vision and irreversible blindness. Delivering drugs to the posterior segment of the eye remains a challenge due to the presence of multiple physiological and anatomical barriers. Conventional drug delivery methods often prove ineffective and may cause side effects. Nanomaterials, characterized by their small size, large surface area, tunable properties, and biocompatibility, enhance the permeability, stability, and targeting of drugs. Ocular nanomaterials encompass a wide range, including lipid nanomaterials, polymer nanomaterials, metal nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dot nanomaterials, and so on. These innovative materials, often combined with hydrogels and exosomes, are engineered to address multiple mechanisms, including macrophage polarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Compared to conventional modalities, nanomedicines achieve regulated and sustained delivery, reduced administration frequency, prolonged drug action, and minimized side effects. This study delves into the obstacles encountered in drug delivery to the posterior segment and highlights the progress facilitated by nanomedicine. Prospectively, these findings pave the way for next-generation ocular drug delivery systems and deeper clinical research, aiming to refine treatments, alleviate the burden on patients, and ultimately improve visual health globally.