目的:阴道微生物群为女性的性健康以及发生性传播感染(STIs)和细菌性阴道病的风险提供了有价值的见解。尽管阴道环境的变化对公众健康有影响,有关此主题的现有数据仍然很少。
方法:遵循PRISMA声明指南,我们查阅了五个书目数据库,关注五种主要的日常习惯和行为。我们只包括截至2023年10月发表的研究,调查个人卫生的影响,性行为,荷尔蒙避孕,吸烟,酒精消费,以及使用下一代测序对阴道微生物群的社会心理应激。
结果:根据我们的纳入标准,我们将37项研究纳入本综述.发现激素避孕和个人卫生可促进阴道微生物群的优生。相比之下,性行为,吸烟,酒精消费,心理社会压力与细菌性阴道病的易感性增加有关,性传播感染,和严重的盆腔炎由于阴道微生物群的改变。黑人种族成为一个混杂因素,该人群表现出不稳定的阴道微生物群。发现口服避孕药和稳定的男性性伴侣有利于乳酸杆菌定植,作为保护因素。相反,非激素避孕和无保护或非阴茎/阴道性活动通过扰乱阴道微生物群和降低乳酸杆菌丰度增加了阴道炎症和细菌性阴道病的发生率.
结论:日常习惯和生活方式可以影响阴道菌群的组成,从而影响阴道健康。阴道微生物群的紊乱可能是性传播感染和阴道病的相关因素。因此,对阴道微生物群进行更适当的管理是至关重要的。
OBJECTIVE: The vaginal microbiota offers valuable insights into women\'s sexual health and the risk of developing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and bacterial vaginosis. Despite the public health implications of changes in the vaginal environment, existing data on this topic remain sparse.
METHODS: Following the PRISMA statement guidelines, we consulted five bibliographic databases, focusing on five main daily habits and behaviors. We included only studies published up to October 2023, investigating the influence of personal hygiene, sexual behaviors, hormonal contraception, smoking, alcohol consumption, and psychosocial stress on the vaginal microbiota using next-generation sequencing.
RESULTS: Based on our inclusion criteria, we incorporated 37 studies into this review. Hormonal contraception and personal hygiene were found to promote eubiosis of the vaginal microbiota. In contrast, sexual behaviors, smoking, alcohol consumption, and psychosocial stress were associated with an increased susceptibility to bacterial vaginosis, STIs, and severe pelvic inflammatory diseases due to a modified vaginal microbiota. Black ethnicity emerged as a confounding factor, with this population showing unstable vaginal microbiota. Oral contraception and a stable male sexual partner were found to favor Lactobacillus colonization, acting as a protective factor. Conversely, non-hormonal contraception and unprotected or non-penile/vaginal sexual activity increased the incidence of vaginal inflammation and bacterial vaginosis by disturbing the vaginal microbiota and reducing Lactobacillus abundance.
CONCLUSIONS: Daily habits and lifestyle can influence the composition of the vaginal microbiota, thereby affecting vaginal health. Disturbances in the vaginal microbiota could be associated factors for STIs and vaginosis. Therefore, prioritizing more appropriate management of the vaginal microbiota is crucial.