Approximately 40% of Japanese physicians report working more than 960 hr of overtime annually, with 10% exceeding 1860 hr. To protect their health, annual overtime limits went into effect in 2024. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of self-reported sleep duration with psychological health and objective alertness. This was a cross-sectional National Survey for The Work Style Reform of Long Working Physicians. Physicians self-reported daily sleep duration, burnout (Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and traffic accidents. Alertness was then evaluated using the brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test. Of 20,382 physicians invited, 1226 completed the survey and brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test. Daily sleep duration was inversely associated with weekly work hours (β = -5.4; 95% confidence interval -6.8 to -4.0, p < 0.0001). Sleep duration < 6 hr and ≥ 8 hr per day was associated with slower responses on the brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test (adjusted p < 0.05). An additional 10 hr worked per week was associated with a 0.40 point (95% confidence interval 0.08-0.72) increase in burnout severity and a 1.7% (95% confidence interval 0.1-3.3%) increase in odds of reporting a traffic accident. Increased brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test lapses, indicating lower alertness, were associated with worse symptoms of depression (β = 0.23 points; 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.31, p < 0.0001) and burnout (β = 0.25 points; 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.36, p < 0.0001). This study emphasizes the importance of sufficient sleep to maintain alertness, and supports limiting work hours for Japanese physicians to protect psychological health. Performance on the brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test may be a useful indicator of psychological health.

Nowadays, the medical COVID-19 emergency is ending worldwide, whereas there is an increasing need to understand the marks and the lessons learned from over two years of unprecedented changes in all life domains. Recent research has highlighted growing rates of psychological suffering among the general population as well as among university students, who were yet well-recognized as a vulnerable population even before the pandemic. The present work drives from university students\' experience, and it aims to provide an overview of the key dimensions to take into account, in terms of main risks, changes, challenges, and resources, to develop updated tailored research and interventions promoting psychological health conditions in the current time within and beyond the educational context/university students\' population. Implications for research and interventions are highlighted and discussed.

This systematic review assesses the relationship between climate induced coastal hazards and psychological well-being of communities in the Asia-Pacific region. The review synthesises findings from 13 peer-reviewed articles published between 2007 and 2020, encompassing data from seven countries: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and Vietnam. Results reveals a robust negative association between exposure to coastal hazards and psychological outcomes, notably stress, depression, anxiety, and distress. Most of the studies (77%) corroborate negative impacts of coastal hazards on psychological health. Additionally, 69% of the reviewed articles suggest a correlation between coastal hazards and negative outcomes for community livelihoods and essential resources. The review highlights increased psychological vulnerability among marginalised subpopulations, such as economically disadvantaged communities, a trend supported by 92% of the examined articles. The findings indicates that factors such as environmental vulnerability, resource availability, community traits, and coping methods are important in determining whether a community can effectively handle coastal hazards or face increased psychological health risks. This research aligns with international health frameworks, including the World Health Organization\'s Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management guidelines. However, a notable research gap emerges - the absence of studies that specifically explore psychological responses of communities to ongoing climate-related coastal hazards, such as sea-level rise. These findings emphasise an urgent need for targeted research to guide comprehensive, multidisciplinary policy interventions aimed at mitigating the psychological and socio-economic repercussions of climate-related coastal hazards.

Psychological well-being influences all the facets of adolescent success. This study examined the psychometric properties of PERMA, a subjective well-being measure consisting of five domains: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. The sample size consisted of 502 high school students from public schools in Qatar. Contrary to expectations, the five-factor structure for PERMA did not fit our data well; however, after refining the model by the errors of the covariances between items, the one-factor model was found to be applicable. Multivariate analysis revealed that socioeconomic status (SES) and level of academic performance were independently and positively associated with overall well-being scores, whereas internalizing and externalizing behaviors were negatively associated. Notably, no significant effects of gender or age on well-being were observed. These findings suggest that interventions specific to socioeconomic status, academic excellence, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the school setting can produce more effective outcomes concerning student well-being.

UNASSIGNED: Sailors undergo anxiety and sleep disturbances due to prolonged journeys and the nature of their work on ships. Earlier studies indicate Cyclic Meditation (CM) being beneficial for managing anxiety and improving sleep quality. Thus, the current study was designed to investigate the effect of CM on anxiety and sleep quality among sailors.
UNASSIGNED: Fifty sailors were assigned to experimental (n = 25) and control (n = 25) groups. The experimental group received 45 min of CM, 7 days a week for 3 weeks. Control group continued with their routine activities and were offered CM practice the following 3 weeks. Hamilton Anxiety Scale for anxiety (HAM-A) and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep along with blood pressure and pulse rate were taken at baseline and by the end of 3 weeks. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RM ANOVA) for within and between group effects.
UNASSIGNED: Significant differences were found between the groups following 3 weeks for all the variables. Experimental group demonstrated reduced anxiety (p < 0.001) and improved sleep (p < 0.001) along with improvements in blood pressure and pulse rate. The control group did not show any significant changes following 3 weeks.
UNASSIGNED: CM could be incorporated as a routine for sailors to manage their anxiety and improve sleep quality during the period on board ships.

BACKGROUND: Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) significantly affect patients\' health-related quality of life (HRQOL), presenting greater challenges than those faced by the healthy population and other chronic disease sufferers. Current research lacks comprehensive integration of this critical issue.
OBJECTIVE: This study explores HRQOL in IEI patients, identifies impacting factors, and advocates for increased research focus on their quality of life.
METHODS: Following systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines, a search of Scopus and PubMed until November 15, 2023, yielded 1633 publications. We evaluated the literature, assessed study quality, and compared the HRQOL of IEI patients to that of healthy individuals and other chronic disease patients.
RESULTS: Of 90 articles and 10,971 IEI patients analyzed, study quality varied (nine good, 63 moderate, and 18 poor). The Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory generic core scales (PedsQL) were the primary generic instruments used among adults and children, respectively, with 12 studies each using the disease-specific instruments. Meta-analysis showed IEI patients have significantly lower scores in general health, physical and mental health, and social and emotional roles compared to healthy populations. We noted significant differences between self and proxy reports, indicating caregiver anxiety and perception disparities.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite limitations like small sample sizes and reliance on generic instruments, this research underscores the substantially lower HRQOL among IEI patients, emphasizing the need for a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach to improve their life quality and calling for more focused attention on IEI patients and their caregivers\' HRQOL.

UNASSIGNED: Mental health issues in Chinese children and adolescents have emerged as a substantial public health concern, causing distress and strain among families and society.
UNASSIGNED: This study examines the effects of gender and school grade on mental health symptoms and risky behaviors among Chinese children and adolescents, with a particular focus on the role of family and school environments.
UNASSIGNED: Caregivers and educators should enhance their awareness and skills in supporting the mental health of children. These findings offer critical insights for the early detection and intervention of mental health issues in Chinese children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND: To characterize global and health-related quality of life (QOL) among adults with Fontan physiology enrolled in the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry (ANZFR), and identify sociodemographic, clinical, psychological, and relational factors associated with outcomes.
RESULTS: Using a cross-sectional survey design, 66 adults with Fontan physiology (58% women; mean age, 29.6±7.7 years; range, 18-50 years) completed validated self-report measures. Health-related QOL was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and global QOL was assessed using a visual analog scale (0-10). Participants reported lower total health-related QOL (P<0.001), as well as lower physical (P<0.001) and social (P=0.002) functioning compared with normative data. Median global QOL was 7.0 (interquartile range: 5.0-8.0) and most participants (71%) rated their QOL ≥6. For health-related QOL, age, sex, university education, and length of hospital stay in the past 12 months explained 27% of the variance in scores, while general psychological stress, medical traumatic stress, communication problems, and access to emotional support explained a further 44% of variance (final model: 71% of variance explained). For global QOL, sociodemographic and clinical factors explained 20% of the variance in scores, while psychological stress and sense of coherence explained a further 24% (final model: 44% of variance explained).
CONCLUSIONS: Adults with Fontan physiology reported lower overall health-related QOL compared with community-based norms. Variance in QOL outcomes were predominantly attributable to psychological and relational factors. Tailored screening and assessment to identify Fontan patients at greatest risk of lower QOL, and a proactive approach to supportive care, are needed.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate how interactive bibliotherapy impacted the emotional healing process of adolescents with cancer, drawing upon the three-stage emotional healing process theory-identification, catharsis, and insight.
METHODS: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted on data from 14 adolescents, aged 10-19 years, diagnosed with or relapsing from leukemia or osteosarcoma within the past two years. Participants received two interactive bibliotherapy sessions using The Rabbit Listened and You Are Special. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and content analyzed.
RESULTS: Analysis identified six themes in The Rabbit Listened and eight in You Are Special. Adolescents primarily engaged in identification, empathizing with protagonists and recalling personal experiences. They underwent catharsis, releasing negative emotions and fostering positivity. Insights emerged on companionship, listening, and others\' criticism.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study validates the use of the three-stage emotional healing process in interdisciplinary bibliotherapy for understanding emotional changes in adolescents with cancer. It sheds light on their concerns and coping strategies. Healthcare practitioners can utilize interactive bibliotherapy based on this framework to initiate therapeutic communication with adolescent cancer patients and improve interventions and care.

OBJECTIVE: - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a new Intellectual Disability (ID) screening service within a women\'s prison in England.
METHODS: - Analysis of prisoner records was carried out to establish characteristics of women entering the prison, rates of screening completion and time intervals for all stages of the assessment pathway.
RESULTS: - In total 198 women were received into prison and underwent 202 ID screens. Nine out of ten women completed a screen, almost all on arrival or very soon afterwards. There were 23 referrals for secondary assessment but only four were completed. Most of the women identified for additional screening left the prison before this could be achieved.
CONCLUSIONS: - This evaluation is the first to show that preliminary screening for ID is feasible in prison. This screening alone is useful for prisons to make the kind of reasonable adjustment required of public bodies by the Equality Act. However, its value is constrained unless resources are also dedicated to the kind of additional screening which might lead to definitive diagnosis and care planning for intellectual disability. This model of assessment would be of considerable value in establishing prisoners at risk by virtue of different levels of intellectual disability and could be used to provide more reliable and routine estimates of prevalence contributing to overall better service planning.