原生动物在全球范围内的严重威胁日益引起人类的关注,动物,并且需要改进新的治疗策略以有效地治疗或减轻相关疾病的影响。欧米茄多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-PUFA),包括ω-3(ω-3)和ω-6(ω-6),是来自各种天然来源的成分,由于其在寄生虫感染中的治疗作用以及动物和人类的各种基本结构和调节功能而获得了极大的关注。ω-3和ω-6均通过代谢抗炎介质降低寄生虫的生长和存活率。如脂蛋白,resolvins,和保护剂,并对各种原生动物感染具有体内和体外保护作用。ω-PUFA已被证明通过一种公知的机制来调节宿主的免疫应答,例如(抑制花生四烯酸(AA)代谢过程,抗炎介质的产生,细胞内脂质的修饰,和核受体的激活),通过调节前列腺素等炎症,促进对寄生虫入侵者的更有效的免疫防御转变,白三烯,血栓烷,参与控制炎症反应。免疫调节可能涉及减少炎症,增强吞噬作用,并抑制寄生虫的毒力因子。ω-PUFA的独特特性可以预防原生动物感染,代表了一个重要的研究领域。这篇综述探讨了ω-PUFA对一些原生动物感染的临床影响。阐明预防人类和动物各种寄生虫感染的可能作用机制和支持疗法,比如弓形虫病,疟疾,球虫病,和查加斯病。ω-PUFA由于其直接的抗寄生虫作用和其调节宿主免疫应答的能力而显示出有望作为寄生虫感染的治疗方法。此外,我们讨论了当前的治疗方案,并对未来的研究提出了展望.这可能为这些复杂的全球健康问题提供替代或补充治疗选择。
Protozoa exert a serious global threat of growing concern to human, and animal, and there is a need for the advancement of novel therapeutic strategies to effectively treat or mitigate the impact of associated diseases. Omega polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-PUFAs), including Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6), are constituents derived from various natural sources, have gained significant attention for their therapeutic role in parasitic infections and a variety of essential structural and regulatory functions in animals and humans. Both ω-3 and ω-6 decrease the growth and survival rate of parasites through metabolized anti-inflammatory mediators, such as lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins, and have both in vivo and in vitro protective effects against various protozoan infections. The ω-PUFAs have been shown to modulate the host immune response by a commonly known mechanism such as (inhibition of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic process, production of anti-inflammatory mediators, modification of intracellular lipids, and activation of the nuclear receptor), and promotion of a shift towards a more effective immune defense against parasitic invaders by regulation the inflammation like prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, are involved in controlling the inflammatory reaction. The immune modulation may involve reducing inflammation, enhancing phagocytosis, and suppressing parasitic virulence factors. The unique properties of ω-PUFAs could prevent protozoan infections, representing an important area of study. This review explores the clinical impact of ω-PUFAs against some protozoan infections, elucidating possible mechanisms of action and supportive therapy for preventing various parasitic infections in humans and animals, such as toxoplasmosis, malaria, coccidiosis, and chagas disease. ω-PUFAs show promise as a therapeutic approach for parasitic infections due to their direct anti-parasitic effects and their ability to modulate the host immune response. Additionally, we discuss current treatment options and suggest perspectives for future studies. This could potentially provide an alternative or supplementary treatment option for these complex global health problems.