蛋白质与小分子或核酸之间的相互作用在许多对人类健康至关重要的生物过程中起着关键作用,并且对于促进我们对生物系统的理解至关重要。蛋白质是细胞的主力,执行各种功能,从催化生化反应到在体内传输信号。小分子,包括药物和代谢物,可以调节蛋白质活性,从而影响细胞过程和疾病途径。同样,核酸,比如DNA和RNA,通过复杂的相互作用调节蛋白质的合成和功能。了解这些相互作用对于药物发现和开发至关重要,并且可以阐明基因调控,转录控制,和RNA加工,提供对遗传疾病和发育障碍的见解。此外,研究蛋白质-小分子和蛋白质-核酸相互作用增强了我们对基本生物学机制的理解。研究这些相互作用的各种方法在成本上,灵敏度,材料使用,吞吐量,和复杂性。值得注意的是在过去的十年里,已经开发了新技术,增强了我们对这些相互作用的理解。在这次审查中,我们的目的是总结检测蛋白质和小分子或核酸之间相互作用的新方法,以及讨论今天仍然有价值的旧方法。©2024Wiley期刊有限责任公司。
Interactions between proteins and small molecules or nucleic acids play a pivotal role in numerous biological processes critical for human health and are fundamental for advancing our understanding of biological systems. Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, executing various functions ranging from catalyzing biochemical reactions to transmitting signals within the body. Small molecules, including drugs and metabolites, can modulate protein activity, thereby impacting cellular processes and disease pathways. Similarly, nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, regulate protein synthesis and function through intricate interactions. Understanding these interactions is crucial for drug discovery and development and can shed light on gene regulation, transcriptional control, and RNA processing, providing insights into genetic diseases and developmental disorders. Moreover, studying protein-small molecule and protein-nucleic acid interactions enhances our comprehension of fundamental biological mechanisms. A wide array of methods to study these interactions range in cost, sensitivity, materials usage, throughput, and complexity. Notably in the last decade, new techniques have been developed that enhance our understanding of these interactions. In this review, we aim to summarize the new state-of-the-art methods for detecting interactions between proteins and small molecules or nucleic acids, as well as discuss older methods that still hold value today. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.