作为一种重要的胶凝材料,胶凝材料在土木工程建设中应用广泛。目前,使用实验和数值图像处理方法对这些材料进行研究,这使得能够观察和分析结构变化和机械性能。这些方法有助于设计具有特定性能标准的胶凝材料,尽管它们的资源密集型性质。材料基因组方法代表了材料研究和开发的新趋势。材料基因数据库的建立有利于快速、精确地确定特征基因与性能的关系,实现胶凝材料成分和性能的双向设计。本文从纳米胶凝材料的特征基因,micro-,和宏观视角。它总结了特征基因,分析各种尺度的表达参数,并总结了它们与机械性能的关系。在纳米尺度上,水合硅酸钙(C-S-H)被认为是最重要的特征基因,钙硅比是描述其结构的关键参数。在微观尺度上,孔隙结构和气泡系统是关键特征,具有孔隙率等参数,孔径分布,孔隙形状,空气含量,气泡间距系数直接影响抗冻性,渗透性,和抗压强度。在宏观尺度上,骨料是胶凝材料中最重要的组成部分。它的形状,棱角,表面纹理(纹理),破碎指数,和吸水率是影响氯离子渗透阻力等性能的主要特征,粘度,流动性,和力量。通过分析和绘制这些基因和属性在不同尺度之间的关系,本文提供了新的见解,并为有针对性地设计胶凝材料性能建立了参考框架。
As an important gelling material, cementitious materials are widely used in civil engineering construction. Currently, research on these materials is conducted using experimental and numerical image processing methods, which enable the observation and analysis of structural changes and mechanical
properties. These methods are instrumental in designing cementitious materials with specific performance criteria, despite their resource-intensive nature. The material genome approach represents a novel trend in material research and development. The establishment of a material gene database facilitates the rapid and precise determination of relationships between characteristic genes and performance, enabling the bidirectional design of cementitious materials\' composition and
properties. This paper reviews the characteristic genes of cementitious materials from nano-, micro-, and macro-scale perspectives. It summarizes the characteristic genes, analyzes expression parameters at various scales, and concludes regarding their relationship to mechanical properties. On the nanoscale, calcium hydrated silicate (C-S-H) is identified as the most important characteristic gene, with the calcium-silicon ratio being the key parameter describing its structure. On the microscale, the pore structure and bubble system are key characteristics, with parameters such as porosity, pore size distribution, pore shape, air content, and the bubble spacing coefficient directly affecting
properties like frost resistance, permeability, and compressive strength. On the macroscale, the aggregate emerges as the most important component of cementitious materials. Its shape, angularity, surface texture (grain), crushing index, and water absorption are the main characteristics influencing properties such as chloride ion penetration resistance, viscosity, fluidity, and strength. By analyzing and mapping the relationship between these genes and
properties across different scales, this paper offers new insights and establishes a reference framework for the targeted design of cementitious material
properties.