Abstract：
Lignin-based carbon nanomaterials offer several advantages, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, high specific surface area, ease of functionalization, low toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. These materials show promise in biochemical sensing applications, particularly in the detection of metal ions, organic compounds, and human biosignals. Various methods can be employed to synthesize carbon nanomaterials with different dimensions ranging from 0D to 3D, resulting in diverse structures and physicochemical properties. This study provides an overview of the preparation techniques and characteristics of multidimensional (0-3D) lignin-based carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon dots (CDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon aerogels (CAs). Additionally, the sensing capabilities of these materials are compared and summarized, followed by a discussion on the potential challenges and future prospects in sensor development.
摘要：
木质素基碳纳米材料提供了几个优点，包括生物降解性，生物相容性，高比表面积，易于功能化，低毒性,和成本效益。这些材料在生化传感应用中显示出希望，特别是在金属离子的检测中，有机化合物,和人类生物信号。可以采用各种方法来合成具有从0D到3D的不同尺寸的碳纳米材料，导致不同的结构和物理化学性质。本研究概述了多维（0-3D）木质素基碳纳米材料的制备技术和特性，例如碳点（CD），碳纳米管(CNTs),石墨烯,石墨烯和碳气凝胶(CAs)。此外,对这些材料的传感能力进行了比较和总结，随后讨论了传感器发展的潜在挑战和未来前景。
