Population and community ecology as a science are about 100 years old, and we discuss here our opinion of what approaches have progressed well and which point to possible future directions. The three major threads within population and community ecology are theoretical ecology, statistical tests and models, and experimental ecology. We suggest that our major objective is to understand what factors determine the distribution and abundance of organisms within populations and communities, and we evaluate these threads against this major objective. Theoretical ecology is elegant and compelling and has laid the groundwork for achieving our overall objectives with useful simple models. Statistics and statistical models have contributed informative methods to analyze quantitatively our understanding of distribution and abundance for future research. Population ecology is difficult to carry out in the field, even though we may have all the statistical methods and models needed to achieve results. Community ecology is growing rapidly with much description but less understanding of why changes occur. Biodiversity science cuts across all these subdivisions but rarely digs into the necessary population and community science that might solve conservation problems. Climate change affects all aspects of ecology but to assume that everything in population and community ecology is driven by climate change is oversimplified. We make recommendations on how to advance the field with advice for present and future generations of population and community ecologists.

This essay challenges the idea of progress as technological development in relation to medicine by focusing on people rather than things. It analyzes how the prevalence of such an idea of progress leads contemporary societies to a technofetishism that degrades community life and medical practice, contributing to the medicalization of social life. It is argued that the realization of technological potentialities depends on their forms of use, that the main motive of technological development is unlimited profit, and the priority developments are those that enhance social control which maintains the status quo. Intelligence as an intelligence quotient is criticized by proposing it as an attribute of the human being as a whole, manifested in the ways of thinking and acting of human beings in their circumstances, where affectivity and critical thinking are essential for their development; it is emphasized that its antecedent is the harmonic concert of planetary life, which contrasts with the prevailing human disharmony. It is proposed that artificial intelligence is the latest creation of technofetishism, which deposits vital attributes in technology, and that its use will accentuate the degradation of human and planetary life. Another idea of medical progress is proposed, based on forms of organization that is conducive to the development of inquisitive, critical, and collaborative skills that promote permanent improvement, whose distant horizon is dignified progress: the spiritual, intellectual, moral, and convivial sublimation of collectivities in harmony with the planetary ecosystem.
Este ensayo cuestiona, a propósito de la medicina, la idea de progreso como desarrollo tecnológico al centrarlo en las personas no en las cosas. Se analiza cómo el predominio de tal idea de progreso convierte a las sociedades actuales al tecno-fetichismo que degrada la vida comunitaria y la práctica médica contribuyendo a la medicalización de la vida social. Se argumenta: que la realización de las potencialidades tecnológicas depende de sus formas de uso; que el móvil principal del desarrollo tecnológico es el lucro sin límites y que los desarrollos prioritarios son los que potencian el control social que mantiene el statu quo. Se critica la idea de inteligencia como cociente intelectual al proponerla como atributo del ser humano como un todo, manifiesto en las formas pensar y proceder de las personas en sus circunstancias, donde la afectividad y el pensamiento crítico son imprescindibles para su desarrollo. Se destaca que su antecedente es el concierto armónico de la vida planetaria contrastante con la disarmonía humana imperante. Se plantea que la inteligencia artificial es la más reciente hechura del tecno-fetichismo que deposita en la tecnología atributos vitales y que sus formas de uso acentuarán la degradación de la vida humana y planetaria. Se propone otra idea de progreso médico basado en formas de organización propicias para el desarrollo de aptitudes inquisitivas, críticas y colaborativas que impulsen la superación permanente, cuyo horizonte lejano es el progreso dignificante: sublimación espiritual, intelectual, moral y convivencial de las colectividades en armonía con el ecosistema planetario.

This essay questions, with regard to medicine, the idea of progress as technological development by focusing on people rather than things. It analyzes how the predominance of such an idea of progress converts today\'s societies to techno-fetishism that degrades community life and medical practice, contributing to the medicalization of social life. It is argued that the realization of technological potentialities depends on their forms of use; that the main motive of technological development is unlimited profit and that priority developments are those that enhance the social control that maintains the status quo. The intelligence as an intelligence quotient is criticized by proposing it as an attribute of the human being as a whole, manifested in the ways of thinking and proceeding of people in their circumstances, where affectivity and critical thinking are essential for their development; it is emphasized that its antecedent is the harmonic concert of planetary life that contrasts with the prevailing human disharmony. It is proposed that artificial intelligence is the most recent creation of techno-fetishism that deposits vital attributes in technology and that its forms of use will accentuate the degradation of human and planetary life. Another idea of medical progress is proposed, based on forms of organization conducive to the development of inquisitive, critical and collaborative skills that promote permanent improvement, whose distant horizon is dignifying progress: spiritual, intellectual, moral and convivial sublimation of collectivities in harmony with the planetary ecosystem.
Este ensayo cuestiona, a propósito de la medicina, la idea de progreso como desarrollo tecnológico al centrarlo en las personas y no en las cosas. Se analiza cómo el predominio de tal idea de progreso convierte a las sociedades actuales al tecno-fetichismo que degrada la vida comunitaria y la práctica médica contribuyendo a la medicalización de la vida social. Se argumenta que la realización de las potencialidades tecnológicas depende de sus formas de uso, que el móvil principal del desarrollo tecnológico es el lucro sin límites, y que los desarrollos prioritarios son los que potencian el control social que mantiene el statu quo. Se critica la idea de inteligencia como cociente intelectual al proponerla como atributo del ser humano como un todo, manifiesto en las formas pensar y proceder de las personas en sus circunstancias, donde la afectividad y el pensamiento crítico son imprescindibles para su desarrollo. Se destaca que su antecedente es el concierto armónico de la vida planetaria contrastante con la disarmonía humana imperante. Se plantea que la inteligencia artificial es la más reciente hechura del tecno-fetichismo que deposita en la tecnología atributos vitales, y que sus formas de uso acentuarán la degradación de la vida humana y planetaria. Se propone otra idea de progreso médico basado en formas de organización propicias para el desarrollo de aptitudes inquisitivas, críticas y colaborativas que impulsen la superación permanente, cuyo horizonte lejano es el progreso dignificante: sublimación espiritual, intelectual, moral y convivencial de las colectividades en armonía con el ecosistema planetario.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a barrier between the circulatory system and the central nervous system (CNS), contributing to CNS protection and maintaining the brain homeostasis. Establishment of in vitro BBB models that are closer to the microenvironment of the human brain is helpful for evaluating the potential and efficiency of a drug penetrating BBB and thus the clinical application value of the drug. The in vitro BBB models not only provide great convenience for screening new drugs that can access to CNS but also help people to have a deeper study on the mechanism of substances entering and leaving the brain, which makes people have greater opportunities in the treatment of CNS diseases. Up to now, although much effort has been paid to the researches on the in vitro BBB models and many progresses have been achieved, no unified method has been described for establishing a BBB model and there is much work to do and many challenges to be faced with in the future. This review summarizes the research progresses in the establishment, evaluation, and application of in vitro BBB models.

Early detection of cancer is crucial to reducing fatalities and improving patient outcomes. Metastasis is the first stage of aggressive cancers, often occurring before primary lesions can be seen. It occurs when cancerous cells disseminate to distant, non-malignant organs through the bloodstream, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTCs, or cancer tumor cells, are valuable indicators for predicting treatment response, metastasis progression, and disease progression. However, they are primarily used for research due to challenges like heterogeneity, separation from blood, and lack of clinical validation. Only a few methods have been approved for clinical use. One area of research is the isolation and identification of CTCs, which could significantly impact early cancer detection and prognosis. Current technologies using whole-blood samples use size, immunoaffinity, and density approaches, along with positive and negative enrichment techniques. Surface modification of nanomaterials is important for effective cancer therapies because it improves their ability to target and reduces interactions with healthy tissues. Consequently, researchers have created biomimetic nanoparticles covered with cell membranes using functional, targeted, and biocompatible coating technology. Nanoparticles with membranes can target specific cells, stay in circulation for longer, and avoid immune responses, which makes them much better at capturing CTCs. This study examines the current opportunities and difficulties associated with using cell membrane-coated nanoparticles as a capture technique for CTCs. In addition, we examine potential future developments in light of the current obstacles and investigate areas that require further research to fully understand its growing clinical possibilities.

Centrifugal blood pumps drive blood flow by regulating blood flow rate, and have been widely used in clinical applications, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and extracorporeal circulation carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R). However, because different structures and different forms of centrifugal pumps have different requirements for blood extracorporeal circulation in clinical application scenarios, blood pumps face different application conditions in clinical use. In this study, the effects of different structures of centrifugal pumps and different working conditions on blood damage are summarized for reference by relevant institutions and R&D personnel.
离心式血泵通过调节血液流速，进而驱动血液流动，已被广泛应用于临床，包括体外膜氧合、心肺旁路手术、体外循环二氧化碳清除等。但由于不同结构、不同形式的离心泵在临床应用场景下对血液体外循环要求不同，导致血泵在临床使用过程中面临不同的应用工况。该文概述了离心泵结构及不同使用工况下对血液破坏的影响，供相关机构及研发人员参考使用。.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the second most common cardiomyopathy affecting children and adolescents and is the main cause of sudden death of young athletes. The natural prognosis of children with severe hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is not optimistic, and it is not uncommon for children with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy who do not respond to medication. Surgical treatment is often the only solution. Conventional surgical methods in the past include classic or modified extended Morrow operation, classic or modified Konno operation, and Ross-Konno operation. In recent years, with the development of minimally invasive surgery, various minimally invasive surgical methods have emerged endlessly. Because the incision of minimally invasive cardiac surgery is significantly smaller than that of traditional surgery, it causes less trauma, recovers quickly after surgery, and has the advantage of no difference in surgical effect compared with traditional median sternotomy. Tally endoscopic transmitral myectomy, RTM, minimally right thoracotomy, and other surgical methods have achieved encouraging results in adults and some older children with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The appearance of transapical beating-heart septectomy has brought the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy from the era of cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac arrest to a new era of minimally invasive beating-heart surgery. In the past, there were few articles about the treatment of children with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. This article reviewed the new progress and prognosis of surgical treatment of children with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy at home and abroad.

The sympathetic nervous system(SNS)plays a pivotal role in maintaining organ homeostasis and the pathogenesis of various ailments.Studies have unveiled a profound interconnection between sympathetic nerves and the development of liver cirrhosis,cirrhotic cardiomyopathy,and hepatorenal syndrome.Therefore,researchers have proposed SNS as a candidate therapeutic target for liver-related disorders.This article reviewed the research progress of sympathetic nerves in liver cirrhosis,cirrhotic cardiomyopathy,and hepatorenal syndrome,aiming to enrich the knowledge about the roles of sympathetic nerves in cirrhosis and its complications and provide new ideas for the treatment of liver cirrhosis and its complications.
交感神经系统(SNS)在维持器官正常功能和疾病发生发展中起着重要作用。目前研究发现交感神经与肝硬化、肝硬化心肌病和肝肾综合征(HRS)的发生发展密切相关,SNS也许可作为肝脏相关疾病的治疗靶点。为了深入理解交感神经在肝硬化及其并发症的作用,本文综述了交感神经在肝硬化、肝硬化心肌病和HRS中的作用研究进展,以此为治疗肝硬化及其并发症提供新思路。.

Central sensitization-related symptoms (CSS) are associated with the severity and progression of pain. The relationship between the severity of pain/CSS and clinical progresses remains unclear. This multicenter, collaborative, longitudinal study aimed to characterize the clinical outcomes of patients with musculoskeletal pain by classifying subgroups based on the severity of pain/CSS and examining changes in subgroups over time. We measured the pain intensity, CSS, catastrophic thinking, and body perception disturbance in 435 patients with musculoskeletal pain. Reevaluation of patients after one month included 166 patients for pain intensity outcome and 110 for both pain intensity and CSS outcome analysis. We classified the patients into four groups (mild pain/CSS, severe pain/mild CSS, severe pain/CSS, and mild pain/severe CSS groups) and performed multiple comparison analyses to reveal the differences between the CSS severity groups. Additionally, we performed the adjusted residual chi-square to identify the number of patients with pain improvement, group transition, changing pain, and CSS pattern groups at baseline. The most characteristic result was that the mild and severe CSS groups showed worsening pain. Moreover, many of the group transitions were to the same group, with a few transitioning to a group with mild pain/CSS. Our findings suggest that the severity and improvement of CSS influence pain prognosis.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health concern worldwide. Currently, systematic TBI studies in North Africa are lacking. Nevertheless, they are highly needed to ameliorate TBI outcomes and increase survival rates among TBI patients. Through this systematic review, we aimed to characterize the progress in TBI research in North Africa and analyse the literature on TBI in the region in the last two decades. A review of North African articles was performed over 22 years (2000-2021) and the required data were collected using keywords: \"traumatic brain injury\", \"traumatic brain damage\", \"traumatic head injury\", and \"traumatic head damage\". Abstracts were screened, and selected eligible studies were reviewed independently by two reviewers. The review included 22 studies within the 59,204, 63,083, and 45,918 records that were identified between 2000 and 2021 through Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, respectively. The proportion of the total global TBI records that relate to North Africa was less than 1%. Overall, the indices show low progress in the number of new records occurring every year in North Africa and all the records in North Africa were produced after the year 2004. The results show that North Africa has witnessed a low production in TBI research, and the progress is far from being equal to other regions. Production of scientific publications, providing the required information and raising awareness about complications resulting from TBI on individuals and society in general, should be considered.