■本文通过文献综述,探讨和分析压疮或病变或褥疮的现状,病理生理学,流行病学方面,和风险因素。还评估了在脆弱的住院患者中这些病变出现时预防性重新定位的有效性证据的进展。
■以非系统的方式审查数据库,包括Cochrane创伤专业注册;Medline,Scopus,PubMed,Cochrane中央对照试验登记册;MEDLINE(Ovid);EMBASE(Ovid),WebofScience,SciELO,还有紫丁香.一般搜索词包括[压疮或压疮或压疮或褥疮]和[预防或预防]和[重新定位或定位或位置变化或姿势变化]和[处于危险或脆弱的患者]和[住院或ICU或重症监护]。系统文献综述,随机临床试验,观察性研究,包括英语或西班牙语的成本效益和定性研究。
■尽管在全球范围内,发病率,患病率,在1990年至2019年期间,与这些病变相关的残疾年数减少,对健康的影响仍然很大.关于重新定位在预防压疮和健康相关成本方面的有效性的证据已经在低和非常低之间进行了确定性评估,由于进行了严重的方法限制的研究,报告结果的准确性很高。
■研究结果表明,这些病变在医院级别持续存在,并继续成为全球社会和健康问题,对健康预算产生重大影响。同样,有必要对预防策略进行更高质量的研究,比如重新定位,验证了它们的有效性,并证明他们的使用。
UNASSIGNED: This article presents a literature review to explore and analyze the current situation of pressure ulcers or lesions or decubitus ulcers, pathophysiological, epidemiological aspects, and risk factors. The progress in evidence of the effectiveness of preventive repositioning in the appearance of these lesions in vulnerable hospitalized patients is also evaluated.
UNASSIGNED: Databases were reviewed in non-systematic manner, including the Cochrane Wounds Specialized Register; Medline, Scopus, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE (Ovid); EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science, SciELO, and Lilacs. The general search terms included [pressure ulcers or pressure lesions or decubitus ulcers] and [prevention or preventive] and [repositioning or positioning or position changes or postural change] and [patient at risk or vulnerable] and [hospitalized or ICU or intensive care]. Systematic literature reviews, randomized clinical trials, observational studies, cost-effectiveness and qualitative studies in English or Spanish were included.
UNASSIGNED: Although globally, the incidence, prevalence, and years of disability associated to these lesions has diminished between 1990 and 2019, the high impact on health persists. Evidence found on the effectiveness of repositioning in preventing pressure ulcers and health associated costs has been evaluated with certainty between low and very low, as a result of conducting research with serious methodological limitations that report results with high inaccuracy.
UNASSIGNED: The findings reported present that these lesions persist at hospital level and continue being a global social and health problem with high impact on health budgets. Likewise, there is a need to develop greater quality research on prevention strategies, such as repositioning, which validate their effectiveness, and justify their use.