UNASSIGNED: Prakriti (body constitution) is the essential fundamental of Ayurveda. In female physiology, it plays a crucial role in determining the age of menarche and menopause. Recent research has shown that early menopause occurs in tribal women. Vagbhata states that a kapha dosha pradhan prakriti female has a longer menstrual life [i.e., reproductive period] compared to the vata and pitta prakriti females. This study was done to estimate prakriti in females who attain early and premature menopause in the tribal population to provide optimal care for tribal women through primary and whole health systems.
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional questionnaire survey study was carried out in four villages of Nagpur district territory of Eastern Maharashtra, the central zone of India after seeking permission from IEC. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the 80%, and above tribal people, 169 married women who attained early or premature menopause were included. Post-menopausal women were selected for the study, and females with hysterectomy, secondary amenorrhea, and other major illnesses were excluded from the study. Data were collected by survey method with the help of a pre-validated questionnaire.
UNASSIGNED: Out of 169 females 57.98% of females were of vata prakriti, 24.85% of females were of pitta prakriti, and 17.15% of females were of kapha prakriti. The prevalence of early or premature menopause of vata prakriti females is 57.98.
UNASSIGNED: Vata dosha characteristics such as ruksha, laghu, sheeta, and khara in vata prakriti females lead to early or premature menopause. To avoid early or premature menopause in tribal females, ghee (ghrit) and milk can be included in dietary habits, lifestyle modification, and awareness counseling may prove beneficial.
UNASSIGNED: Early or premature menopause is observed largely in vata prakriti females of Nagpur district, Eastern Maharashtra, tribal zone of Central Inda.

In today\'s globalized and flat world, a patient can access and seek multiple health and disease management options. A digitally enabled participatory framework that allows an evidence-based informed choice is likely to assume an immense importance in the future. In India, traditional knowledge systems, like Ayurveda, coexist with modern medicine. However, due to limited crosstalk between the clinicians of both disciplines, a patient attempts integrative medicine by seeking both options independently with limited understanding and evidence. There is a need for an integrative medicine platform with a formalized approach, which allows practitioners from the two diverse systems to crosstalk, coexist, and coevolve for an informed cross-referral that benefits the patients. To be successful, this needs frameworks that enable the bridging of disciplines through a common interface with shared ontologies. Ayurgenomics is an emerging discipline that explores the principles and practices of Ayurveda combined with genomics approaches for mainstream integration. The present review highlights how in conjunction with different disciplines and technologies this has provided frameworks for (1) the discovery of molecular correlates to build ontological links between the two systems, (2) the discovery of biomarkers and targets for early actionable interventions, (3) understanding molecular mechanisms of drug action from its usage perspective in Ayurveda with applications in repurposing, (4) understanding the network and P4 medicine perspective of Ayurveda through a common organizing principle, (5) non-invasive stratification of healthy and diseased individuals using a compendium of system-level phenotypes, and (6) developing evidence-based solutions for practice in integrative medicine settings. The concordance between the two contrasting streams has been built through extensive explorations and iterations of the concepts of Ayurveda and genomic observations using state-of-the-art technologies, computational approaches, and model system studies. These highlight the enormous potential of a trans-disciplinary approach in evolving solutions for personalized interventions in integrative medicine settings.

UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased substantially in the past few decades throughout the world. In India, the epidemic of diabetes continues to increase irrespective of area, status, and age. Despite various scientific societies involved in the treatment of diabetes, still, the burden of diabetes keeps growing.
UNASSIGNED: The aim of this work is to explore the Ayurvedic concept of a personalized diet to modulate the gut microbiota for the treatment of T2D.
UNASSIGNED: A thorough study of literature from online scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar as well as from classical texts of Ayurveda was done. A careful compilation was done to extract the valuable output of the personalized diet to modulate the gut microbiota.
UNASSIGNED: There are various diets used to control blood glucose levels, and their effects are also being studied on the transcriptome or epigenome despite 99.9% genomic similarity among human beings. However, microbiomes have only 10% similarity. Ayurvedic diet is given on the basis of Prakriti (body constitution), therefore, it is also called personalized diet.
UNASSIGNED: The diets prescribed for T2D in Ayurveda are high in fibers, polyphenols, and complex carbohydrates which enrich butyrate-producing bacteria and decrease lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria. Hence, there is a need to have a personalized diet to manage the glucose level by enriching beneficial gut microbiota. The approach of a personalized diet associated with gut microbiota can be helpful in maintaining blood sugar in T2D patients.

This review focuses on Ayurgenomics (AG) used in antiviral therapy. According to Ayurveda, three doshas govern Prakriti, the natural organizational structure of humans. AG is a new field in modern medicine that focuses on establishing individualized self-care. It is a modern therapeutic and preventive method that enhances a person\'s mental and physical well-being. Due to the threat of emerging lethal viruses and the significant role of Ayurveda in the pandemic, modern genetics studies have emerged. Prakriti, an Ayurvedic notion that AG incorporates, correlated with three doshas (phenotypes) called vata, pitta, and kapha. Each Prakriti individual had a specific balance for each dosha. To date, the most recent field of AG, which aims to characterize Prakriti types in terms of current genetics and physiology, has provided the best definition. Four databases were searched for studies on this topic using the keywords \"Ayurgenomics\" and \"Anti-Viral Therapy.\" Four articles that demonstrated a favorable approach for the application of AG were gathered for synthesis. According to this study, employing Adhatoda Vasica and Cissampelos pareira L extracts improved the viral structure of the SAR-CoV-2 virus. Further studies involving human participants are required to rule out the positive effects of AG in real-world contexts.

Two recent studies of the health effects of vegetarian diets reported conflicting results: the EPIC-Oxford study reported a significant increase in strokes among vegetarians compared to meat-eaters among a predominantly Caucasian cohort, while another, performed on Taiwanese Buddhists, reported significantly lower incidence of strokes among vegetarians. This was doubly puzzling given the pronounced decrease in cardiovascular events among the EPIC-Oxford group. In this article, we make a detailed comparison of the actual dietary intake of various food groups by the cohorts in these studies. We then use the nutritional principles of Ayurveda-traditional Indian medicine-to show how these apparently contradictory results may be explained. Systems of traditional medicine such as Ayurveda possess profound knowledge of the effects of food on physiology. Ayurveda takes into account not just the type of food, but also multiple other factors such as taste, temperature, and time of consumption. Traditional cuisines have evolved hand in hand with such systems of medicine to optimize nutrition in the context of local climate and food availability. Harnessing the experiential wisdom of these traditional systems to create an integrative nutrition science would help fight the ongoing epidemic of chronic lifestyle diseases, and improve health and wellness.

UNASSIGNED: Type 2 diabetes needs a better understanding of etiological factors and management strategies based on lifestyle and constitutional factors, given its high association rate with many cardiovascular, neurological disorders, and COVID-19 infection.
UNASSIGNED: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Diabetes-specific integrated Yoga lifestyle Protocol (DYP) on glycemic control and lipid profiles of diabetic adults. Along with the DYP intervention, the individuals residing in Chandigarh and Panchkula union territories in the northern part of India were assessed for Ayurveda-based body-mind constitutional type. Ayurveda describes body-mind constitution as \"prakriti,\" which has been discussed from two angles, namely physiological and psychological as body and mind are correlated.
UNASSIGNED: Cluster sampling of waitlist control study subjects was used as the sampling method for the study. A total of 1,215 registered subjects (81 diabetic) responded in randomly selected clusters in Chandigarh and Panchkula. Ayurveda physicians did Ayurveda body-mind constitutional assessment called prakriti assessment (physiological body-mind constitution assessment) in 35 participants (23 diabetic, 12 prediabetic) as a part of the study.
UNASSIGNED: A group of 50 subjects was randomly selected for yoga intervention out of 81 diabetes mellitus adults, and 31 subjects were enrolled as waitlist controls. A significant decrease in the glycosylated hemoglobin levels from 8.49 ± 1.94% to 7.97 ± 2.20% in the intervention group was noticed. The lipid profiles of the DYP intervention and control groups were monitored. Three-month follow-up results of lipid profile diagnostic tests in intervention and control groups showed a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Most diabetic and prediabetic individuals were found to have pitta dosha (pitta controls all heat, metabolism, and transformation in the mind and body) as dominant constitution type.
UNASSIGNED: The study results demonstrated significant positive effects of yoga in diabetic individuals. This study has indicated the evidence for the safety and efficacy of the validated DYP for community-level interventions to prevent maladies like brain damage and stroke.

BACKGROUND: The Ayurvedic theory of Tri-Dosha offers a unique framework for understanding human differences in health and disease. The Doshas could be readily applied in clinical studies to control for such differences the same way sex, age, height and weight are routinely used except that clinical evaluation is required and methods vary. No open-source questionnaire has been shown to be reliable for self-assessment. Therefore, we undertook this study to develop a reliable Dosha self-assessment questionnaire with characteristics suitable for use in clinical research.
METHODS: A review of published questionnaires and translations of classic Ayurvedic texts along with an analysis of item-total correlations and ANOVAs by Dosha for 735 responses to a 37-item ipsative questionnaire from an Ayurveda products company served as the basis for generating 108 Dosha-specific test items featuring a 7-point Likert scale. We used item-total and inter-item correlations from a convenience sample of 176 individuals to identify the best performing items. We then solicited repeat responses to the resultant 39-item questionnaire (13 for each Dosha) from these and other website visitors and calculated test-retest reliability as the intraclass correlation coefficient for absolute agreement (ICC 2,1) for each Dosha.
RESULTS: The final questionnaire gives normally distributed results. Among 76 self-selected adults, the test-retest reliabilities for Vata, Pitta and Kapha Dosha scores are all above 0.8.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that it is possible to quantify the three Doshas with adequate reliability for most clinical studies.

UNASSIGNED: Body composition and types are often considered essential health indicators for lifestyle-related disease. Assessment of body type based on tridosha is regarded as a prerequisite in Ayurveda.
UNASSIGNED: To correlate body compositions and somatotypes with Prakriti body types.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional study on 463 adult individuals was done. Anthropometric and body composition parameters were measured. Heath-Carter somatotypes and Prakriti body types were also determined. Tests of association were calculated. Correlation and concordance analysis was also done to infer the correlation between body composition parameters and Prakriti body types.
UNASSIGNED: Kapha Prakriti have significantly higher body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and body fat mass. Vata have the lowest mean values in all body composition parameters with Pitta in the intermediate position compared to the other Prakriti types. There is a strong and positive statistical association between Prakriti body types and body composition parameters, except height. Cohen\'s Kappa analysis reveals there is a fair concordance between Prakriti body types and somatotype.
UNASSIGNED: Prakriti assessment can explain an individual\'s fatness as it correlates with body composition parameters and could be used to predict risk susceptibility to various complex disorders.

Differences in human phenotypes and susceptibility to complex diseases are an outcome of genetic and environmental interactions. This is evident in diseases that progress through a common set of intermediate patho-endophenotypes. Precision medicine aims to delineate molecular players for individualized and early interventions. Functional studies of lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) model of phenotypically well-characterized healthy individuals can help deconvolute and validate these molecular mechanisms. In this study, LCLs are developed from eight healthy individuals belonging to three extreme constitution types, deep phenotyped on the basis of Ayurveda. LCLs were characterized by karyotyping and immunophenotyping. Growth characteristics and response to UV were studied in these LCLs. Significant differences in cell proliferation rates were observed between the contrasting groups such that one type (Kapha) proliferates significantly slower than the other two (Vata, Pitta). In response to UV, one of the fast growing groups (Vata) shows higher cell death but recovers its numbers due to an inherent higher rates of proliferation. This study reveals that baseline differences in cell proliferation could be a key to understanding the survivability of cells under UV stress. Variability in baseline cellular phenotypes not only explains the cellular basis of different constitution types but can also help set priors during the design of an individualized therapy with DNA damaging agents. This is the first study of its kind that shows variability of intermediate patho-phenotypes among healthy individuals with potential implications in precision medicine.

Assessment of individual constitution (prakriti) has been an important basic construct of the Ayurveda system of medicine. The AyuSoft prakriti diagnostic tool has been extensively used in Ayurveda research. However, we could not find any literature regarding reliability of a prakriti diagnostic tool in patients with psychiatric conditions. One hundred and twelve patients (M = 70) suffering from various psychiatric disorders as per ICD-10 criteria were recruited (Depression = 31; Schizophrenia = 30, Anxiety disorders = 27; OCD = 9; BPAD = 15). The AyuSoft tool (developed by C-DAC, Pune, India) was applied to determine their prakriti after obtaining written informed consent. Two Ayurveda physicians independently assessed prakriti of the same patients through clinical examination. Inter-rater reliability was assessed between prakriti scores obtained from AyuSoft and those from the Ayurveda physicians by determining Cohen\'s Kappa intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). ICC estimates and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated using SPSS statistical package (version 24.0) based on a mean-rating (k = 2), consistency and two-way mixed-effects model. We observed that there was a significant correlation between dosha scores obtained through AyuSoft and those from the two Ayurveda physicians (for all three doshas: p < 0.01). Inter-rater reliability was moderately strong for vata (ICC = 0.72; Cronbach\'s alpha = 0.83), good for pitta (ICC = 0.58; Cronbach\'s alpha = 0.62) and comparatively weak for kaphadosha (ICC = 0.44; Cronbach\'s alpha = 0.51) respectively. Prakriti diagnosis by AyuSoft was feasible in stabilized psychiatric patients and was found comparable to clinical diagnosis of prakriti by Ayurveda physicians in patients with psychiatric disorders.