未经批准:许多美国人采用流行的饮食模式来改善总体健康,限制特定食物,大量营养素,或进食时间。然而,有有限的证据来表征这些饮食模式的质量。
UNASSIGNED:这项研究1)评估了美国流行饮食模式的质量,2)模拟了有针对性的食物替代对饮食质量的影响。
未经评估:从NHANES获得了34,411名≥20岁的成年人的饮食数据,2005-2018。使用美国国家癌症研究所的常规摄入方法评估饮食摄入量,并使用健康饮食指数-2015来评估饮食质量。使用饮食模型来评估目标食物替代对饮食质量的影响。
未经评估:pescatarian饮食模式具有最高的饮食质量(65.2;95%CI:64.0,66.4),其次是素食主义者(63.0;95%CI:62.0,64.0),低粒(62.0;95%CI:61.6,62.4),限制碳水化合物(56.9;95%CI:56.6,57.3),限时(55.2;95%CI:54.8,55.5),和高蛋白(51.8;95%CI:51.0,62.7)饮食模式。模拟每日更换≤3份添加糖含量最高的食物,钠,饱和脂肪,精制谷物和替代食物导致大多数饮食模式的饮食质量提高和能量摄入减少。
未经评估:本研究中评估的所有流行饮食模式的饮食质量均较低。模拟饮食变化,与选择含糖量较低的食物的建议相一致,钠,饱和脂肪,和精制谷物导致饮食质量的适度改善和能量摄入的更大减少。需要做出更大的努力来鼓励采用强调消费各种高质量食品组的饮食模式。
UNASSIGNED: Many Americans have adopted popular diet patterns for general health improvement that restrict specific foods, macronutrients, or eating time. However, there is limited evidence to characterize the quality of these diet patterns.
UNASSIGNED: This study 1) evaluated the quality of popular diet patterns in the United States and 2) modeled the effect of targeted food substitutions on diet quality.
UNASSIGNED: Dietary data from 34,411 adults ≥20 y old were acquired from the NHANES, 2005-2018. Dietary intake was assessed using the National Cancer Institute\'s usual intake methodology, and the Healthy Eating Index-2015 was used to evaluate diet quality. A diet model was used to evaluate the effect of targeted food substitutions on diet quality.
UNASSIGNED: A pescatarian diet pattern had the highest diet quality (65.2; 95% CI: 64.0, 66.4), followed by vegetarian (63.0; 95% CI: 62.0, 64.0), low-grain (62.0; 95% CI: 61.6, 62.4), restricted-carbohydrate (56.9; 95% CI: 56.6, 57.3), time-restricted (55.2; 95% CI: 54.8, 55.5), and high-protein (51.8; 95% CI: 51.0, 62.7) diet patterns. Modeled replacement of ≤3 daily servings of foods highest in added sugar, sodium, saturated fat, and refined grains with alternative foods led to an increase in diet quality and a decrease in energy intake for most diet patterns.
UNASSIGNED: Low diet quality was observed for all popular diet patterns evaluated in this study. Modeled dietary shifts that align with recommendations to choose foods lower in added sugar, sodium, saturated fat, and refined grains led to modest improvements in diet quality and larger reductions of energy intake. Greater efforts are needed to encourage the adoption of dietary patterns that emphasize consumption of a variety of high-quality food groups.