Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Mischaracterization of dietary intake by patients and study participants is a common problem that presents challenges to clinical and public health approaches to improve diet quality, identify healthy eating patterns, and reduce the risk of chronic disease.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined participants\' self-reported adherence to low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets compared with their estimated adherence using up to 2 24-hour recalls.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study acquired data on dietary intake from respondents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018.
METHODS: This study included 30 219 respondents aged 20 years and older who had complete and reliable dietary data and were not pregnant or breastfeeding.
METHODS: The main outcome was prevalence of self-reported and estimated adherence to low-carbohydrate or low-fat diet patterns.
METHODS: Self-reported adherence to low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets was evaluated using responses to questionnaires. Estimated adherence to these diets was assessed using data from up to 2 24-hour recalls and usual intake methodology developed by the National Cancer Institute.
RESULTS: Of the 1.4% of participants who reported following a low-carbohydrate diet, estimated adherence (<26% energy from carbohydrates) using 24-hour recalls was 4.1%, whereas estimated adherence among those that did not report following a low-carbohydrate diet was <1% (P value for difference = .014). Of the 2.0% of participants who reported following a low-fat diet, estimated adherence (<30% energy from fat) was 23.0%, whereas estimated adherence among those who did not report following a low-fat diet was 17.8% (P value for difference = .048).
CONCLUSIONS: This research demonstrates that most individuals mischaracterized their diet pattern when compared with up to 2 24-hour recalls. These findings emphasize the need for clinicians and public health professionals to be cautious when interpreting individuals\' self-reported diet patterns, and should aim to collect more detailed dietary data when possible.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined participants\' self-reported adherence to low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets compared with their estimated adherence using up to 2 24-hour recalls.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study acquired data on dietary intake from respondents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018.
METHODS: This study included 30 219 respondents aged 20 years and older who had complete and reliable dietary data and were not pregnant or breastfeeding.
METHODS: The main outcome was prevalence of self-reported and estimated adherence to low-carbohydrate or low-fat diet patterns.
METHODS: Self-reported adherence to low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets was evaluated using responses to questionnaires. Estimated adherence to these diets was assessed using data from up to 2 24-hour recalls and usual intake methodology developed by the National Cancer Institute.
RESULTS: Of the 1.4% of participants who reported following a low-carbohydrate diet, estimated adherence (<26% energy from carbohydrates) using 24-hour recalls was 4.1%, whereas estimated adherence among those that did not report following a low-carbohydrate diet was <1% (P value for difference = .014). Of the 2.0% of participants who reported following a low-fat diet, estimated adherence (<30% energy from fat) was 23.0%, whereas estimated adherence among those who did not report following a low-fat diet was 17.8% (P value for difference = .048).
CONCLUSIONS: This research demonstrates that most individuals mischaracterized their diet pattern when compared with up to 2 24-hour recalls. These findings emphasize the need for clinicians and public health professionals to be cautious when interpreting individuals\' self-reported diet patterns, and should aim to collect more detailed dietary data when possible.
摘要：
背景：患者和研究参与者对饮食摄入的错误表征是一个常见问题，对改善饮食质量的临床和公共卫生方法提出了挑战。确定健康的饮食习惯，降低患慢性病的风险。
目的：这项研究调查了参与者自我报告对低碳水化合物和低脂肪饮食的依从性与他们使用多达两次24小时召回的估计依从性的比较。
方法：这项横断面研究获得了2007-2018年国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）受访者的饮食摄入量数据。
方法：这项研究包括30,219名≥20岁的受访者，他们有完整和可靠的饮食数据，没有怀孕或母乳喂养。
方法：主要结果是对低碳水化合物或低脂肪饮食模式的自我报告和估计依从性的患病率。
方法：使用问卷的答复评估了自我报告对低碳水化合物或低脂肪饮食的依从性。使用来自美国国家癌症研究所开发的多达两次24小时召回和常规摄入方法的数据来评估对这些饮食的估计依从性。
结果：在1.4%的参与者报告低碳水化合物饮食中，使用24小时召回的估计依从性(<26%能量来自碳水化合物)为4.1%，而在低碳水化合物饮食后未报告的患者中，估计的依从性<1％（P差异=0.014）。2.0%的参与者报告低脂饮食，估计依从性（来自脂肪的能量<30%）为23.0%，而低脂饮食后未报告的患者的估计依从性为17.8%(P差异=0.048).
结论：这项研究表明，与多达两次24小时的回忆相比，大多数人对饮食模式的描述错误。这些发现强调，临床医生和公共卫生专业人员在解释个人自我报告的饮食模式时需要谨慎。并应尽可能收集更详细的饮食数据。
目的：这项研究调查了参与者自我报告对低碳水化合物和低脂肪饮食的依从性与他们使用多达两次24小时召回的估计依从性的比较。
方法：这项横断面研究获得了2007-2018年国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）受访者的饮食摄入量数据。
方法：这项研究包括30,219名≥20岁的受访者，他们有完整和可靠的饮食数据，没有怀孕或母乳喂养。
方法：主要结果是对低碳水化合物或低脂肪饮食模式的自我报告和估计依从性的患病率。
方法：使用问卷的答复评估了自我报告对低碳水化合物或低脂肪饮食的依从性。使用来自美国国家癌症研究所开发的多达两次24小时召回和常规摄入方法的数据来评估对这些饮食的估计依从性。
结果：在1.4%的参与者报告低碳水化合物饮食中，使用24小时召回的估计依从性(<26%能量来自碳水化合物)为4.1%，而在低碳水化合物饮食后未报告的患者中，估计的依从性<1％（P差异=0.014）。2.0%的参与者报告低脂饮食，估计依从性（来自脂肪的能量<30%）为23.0%，而低脂饮食后未报告的患者的估计依从性为17.8%(P差异=0.048).
结论：这项研究表明，与多达两次24小时的回忆相比，大多数人对饮食模式的描述错误。这些发现强调，临床医生和公共卫生专业人员在解释个人自我报告的饮食模式时需要谨慎。并应尽可能收集更详细的饮食数据。
