Political Activism

政治行动主义
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    为了应对数据革命,学术研究和媒体的注意力越来越集中在极右翼所表现出的技术适应和创新上。最关注的是社交媒体,以及团体和组织如何利用虚拟网络的技术进步和增长来增加全球范围的招聘和激进化。与大多数社会和政治努力一样,某些技术很流行,因此引起了用户,监管机构和服务提供商的注意。这造成了一个技术盲点,在这个盲点中,极端主义团体经常在没有人们预期的监督的情况下操作较老和不那么受人尊敬的技术。本文研究了KuKluxKlan的传统和官方网站,美国极右翼组织中最成熟和最具标志性的组织。通过纳入非参与者对在线空间的观察和主题分析,这项研究分析了26个网站的演变,从20世纪90年代初出现到现在。我们研究了传统印刷通信和其他短暂通信随着技术的进步而进步的方式,关注三K党政治行动主义和社区形成的以下核心要素:三K党认同,组织历史,目的和目标;技术和外展,包括在线商品和活动组织;以及白色和种族主义的结构。通过对Klan开发和使用Web1.0,Web2.0和Web3技术的方式提供独特的历史见解,结果为可比工作增加了价值和洞察力。
    In response to the data revolution, academic research and media attention have increasingly focused on the technological adaptation and innovation displayed by the far right. The greatest attention is paid to social media and how groups and organizations are utilizing technological advancement and growth in virtual networks to increase recruitment and advance radicalization on a global scale. As with most social and political endeavors, certain technologies are in vogue and thus draw the attention of users and regulators and service providers. This creates a technological blind spot within which extremist groups frequently operate older and less well regarded technologies without the oversight that one might expect. This article examines the less well-studied traditional and official websites of the Ku Klux Klan, the most established and iconic of American far-right organizations. By incorporating non-participant observation of online spaces and thematic analysis, this research analyzes the evolution of 26 websites, from their emergence in the early 1990s to the present day. We examine the ways in which traditional printed communications and other ephemera have progressed with advances in technology, focusing on the following central elements of Klan political activism and community formation: Klan identity, organizational history, aims and objectives; technology and outreach, including online merchandise and event organization; and the constructions of whiteness and racism. The results add value and insight to comparable work by offering a unique historical insight into the ways in which the Klan have developed and made use of Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web3 technologies.
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  • 文章类型: News
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    围绕激进化和暴力极端主义的全球关切不断升级,需要全面理解和解释。识别与激进主义和暴力极端主义相关的风险因素对于风险评估的发展至关重要,预防,和干预策略。必须将这些风险与公民责任(即,行动主义)来维护个人权利。这项研究旨在研究暴力-人格障碍症状-和暴力极端主义态度的既定风险因素之间的关联。激进主义,和激进主义。研究结果表明,反社会人格障碍症状与暴力极端主义态度和激进主义有关,而强迫症症状与行动主义有关。这表明强迫性人格障碍可能意味着准备采取法律和非暴力政治行动;相比之下,反社会人格障碍症状表示准备极端主义暴力和非法政治行动。
    The escalating global concerns surrounding radicalization and violent extremism necessitate a comprehensive understanding and explanation. Identifying the risk factors associated with radicalism and violent extremism is critical to the development of risk assessment, prevention, and intervention strategies. It is imperative to distinguish these risks from civic responsibilities (i.e., activism) to safeguard individual rights. This study aims to examine the association between well-established risk factors for violence-personality disorder symptoms-and violent extremist attitudes, radicalism, and activism. Findings indicate that antisocial personality disorder symptoms were linked to violent extremist attitudes and radicalism, whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms were related to activism. This suggests that obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may signify a readiness for legal and nonviolent political action; in contrast, antisocial personality disorder symptoms signify a readiness for extremist violence and illegal political action.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    We reconstruct the life path of the Argentine nurse and popular activist Irma Carrica, understood as a political-professional experience tied to her social networks and marked by conflicts and contradictions inherent to her historical context. From this analytical perspective and considering the precautions suggested by the biographical method of social sciences, we delve into the political and health debates of the 1960s and 1970s, particularly concerning disputes over the meaning of \"community\" in the health field. Specifically, we focus on the contributions of a collective historical actor - heterogeneous and plural, yet identifiable in its various forms - that we have termed the Peronist Left in health. By analyzing their professional and intellectual networks, we emphasize the role played by Irma Carrica as a representative of this Peronist Left in health, in constructing alternative dynamics for community health approaches, which challenged the dominant epistemological and pedagogical paradigms.
    Reconstruimos la trayectoria de vida de la enfermera y militante popular argentina Irma Carrica, entendida como una experiencia político-profesional ligada a sus redes de sociabilidad y atravesada por conflictos y contradicciones inherentes a su contexto histórico. Desde ese recorte analítico y teniendo en cuenta los recaudos sugeridos por el método biográfico de las ciencias sociales, nos adentramos en los debates político-sanitarios de las décadas de 1960 y 1970, principalmente en lo relativo a las disputas por el sentido de la “comunidad” en el campo de la salud. En particular, nos enfocamos en las contribuciones de un actor histórico colectivo –heterogéneo y plural, pero identificable en sus distintas modulaciones– que hemos denominado izquierda peronista en salud. Al analizar sus redes profesionales e intelectuales, hicimos hincapié en el rol que desempeñó Irma Carrica como referente de esa izquierda peronista en salud, a la hora de construir dinámicas alternativas para el abordaje comunitario en salud, que pusieron en tela de juicio los paradigmas epistemológicos y pedagógicos dominantes.
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  • 文章类型: Historical Article
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    本文涉及战斗经验及其后果,可能会令人不安。
    精神伤害(MI)是一种严重的战斗创伤,由于战争中的杀戮而粉碎了士兵的道德轴承。在道德伤害影响退伍军人重返平民生活的无数方式中,它对政治和社会融合的影响在很大程度上仍未研究,但对个人来说至关重要,社区,和国民健康。
    13次深度访谈检查了战斗士兵对潜在的道德伤害事件(PMIE)的暴露,包括杀死敌方战斗人员,伤害平民,和指挥官的背叛,军事系统,和社会。受访者还描述了他们的政治活动(例如,投票,筹款,倡导,抗议)和社会行动主义(例如,志愿服务,教学,慈善工作)。受访者还完成了道德伤害症状量表。
    两个不同的叙述过程PMIE。在人道主义叙事中,士兵认为自己或他们的团体在道德上对犯罪行为负责,见证,或未能防止道德上的犯罪行为,如杀害或伤害平民或将他人置于不必要的危险之中。相比之下,国家安全的观点指责一个外部团体让士兵别无选择,只能以引发道德困扰的方式行事。伴随着羞耻和内疚,人道主义观点引发了出院后的修正和社会行动主义。相比之下,与愤怒和沮丧相关的国家安全观点促进了抗议和激烈的政治行动。
    尽管对健康有害,道德创伤和伤害会引发强烈的政治和社会行动主义,取决于退伍军人采用的叙事来解释PMIE。除了道德伤害的个人,家族性,和社会影响,道德伤害驱使退伍军人重返公民社会的政治舞台。因此,退伍军人在政治中起着核心作用,并在冲突后极大地影响民主国家的战后政策。
    UNASSIGNED: This article deals with combat experiences and their consequences and could be potentially disturbing.
    UNASSIGNED: Moral injury (MI) is a severe form of combat trauma that shatters soldiers\' moral bearings as the result of killing in war. Among the myriad ways that moral injury affects veterans\' reintegration into civilian life, its impact on political and societal reintegration remains largely unstudied but crucial for personal, community, and national health.
    UNASSIGNED: 13 in-depth interviews examine combat soldiers\' exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) that include killing enemy combatants, harming civilians, and betrayal by commanders, the military system, and society. Interviewees also described their political activities (e.g., voting, fundraising, advocacy, protest) and social activism (e.g., volunteering, teaching, charitable work). Interviewees also completed the Moral Injury Symptom Scale.
    UNASSIGNED: Two distinct narratives process PMIEs. In a humanitarian narrative, soldiers hold themselves or their in-group morally responsible for perpetrating, witnessing, or failing to prevent a morally transgressive act such as killing or injuring civilians or placing others at unnecessary risk. In contrast, a national security perspective blames an out-group for leaving soldiers with no choice but to act in ways that trigger moral distress. Associated with shame and guilt, the humanitarian perspective triggered amends-making and social activism after discharge. In contrast, a national security perspective associated with anger and frustration fostered protest and intense political activism.
    UNASSIGNED: Despite its harmful health effects, moral trauma and injury can drive intense political and social activism, depending upon the narrative veterans adopt to interpret PMIEs. Aside from moral injury\'s personal, familial, and social effects, moral injury drives veterans\' return to the political arena of civil society. As such, veterans play a central role in politics and dramatically affect post-war policy in democratic nations following conflict.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    1960年代和1970年代,美国心理学会作为一个组织出现了公开的“政治化”。在这种情况下,政治具有双重含义,既指政治游说以促进作为健康职业的心理学利益,又指基层政治行动以促进社会正义事业。在通过《社区精神健康法》(1963年)和关于心理学专业培训水平和模式的韦尔会议(1973年)之间的几年中,这两种政治形式交织在一起。战后时期,职业心理学家的第一次重大政治动员发生在1960年代中期社区精神卫生中心的人员配备上。大社会社会福利计划的这些创造提供了一个平台,可以在结构性干预方面进行大胆的实验,以改善美国人的生活和心理健康,并成为1970年代初黑人心理学运动的中心。在韦尔会议上,该行业的替代模式得到了仔细的考虑。然而,到1980年,政治和职业之间的不同关系得到了体现。心理学专业精神的政治代表从事独立实践的从业者采取游说形式,以从第三方健康保险提供者那里获得报销。心理健康政治经济的这种转变早些时候掩盖了这一点,美国心理学中的共产主义时刻。心理学专业化的种族经济是结构性的,但并非不可避免。这是一系列历史选择的结果。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2024APA,保留所有权利)。
    The 1960s and 1970s saw the overt \"politicization\" of the American Psychological Association as an organization. Politics in this context carried a dual meaning referring to both political lobbying to promote the interests of psychology as a health profession and grassroots political action to advance social justice causes. In the years between the passage of the Community Mental Health Act (1963) and the Vail Conference on levels and patterns of professional training in psychology (1973), these two forms of politics were intertwined. The first significant political mobilization of professional psychologists in the postwar era occurred over the staffing of community mental health centers in the mid-1960s. These creations of the Great Society social welfare programs provided a platform for pursuing bold experiments in structural interventions to improve the lives and mental health of minoritized Americans and came to serve as hubs for the Black psychology movement of the early 1970s. This alternative model for the profession received careful consideration at the Vail Conference. However, a different relationship between politics and the profession crystalized by 1980. The politics of professionalism in psychology took the form lobby on behalf of practitioners working independent practices to receive reimbursement from third-party health insurance providers. This shift in the political economy of mental health has obscured this earlier, communitarian moment in American psychology. The racial economy of psychology\'s professionalization was structural, but not inevitable. It resulted from a series of historical choices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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