神经外科手术是基于对大脑结构-功能关系的了解。当这个话题在历史学中被提出时,它从Fritch和Hitzig关于运动功能在狗的皮层中定位的报告开始,并迅速跳到WilderPenfield的小人。在这个差距中,Jean-MartinCharcot和AlbertPitres在1877年至1879年间发表的3篇论文中发现了现代神经外科的起源,他们描述了人类运动皮层的躯体组织并绘制了第一张人脑图。他们的发现,通过临床病理方法获得,与大卫·费里尔在动物中的观察结果相关。他们的工作被广泛引用,以及Ferrier在1878年对皇家内科医学院的具有里程碑意义的演讲中复制的插图。威廉·麦塞文知道,他用定位来指导他切除颅内肿块病变,威廉·奥斯勒和约翰·休林斯·杰克逊,他们是颅内手术的早期倡导者。本文描述了Charcot和Pitres对人类自愿运动的皮层起源及其体位组织的发现,以及它们对19世纪颅内手术的影响.它填补了脑定位和神经外科史学的空白。
Neurosurgery is predicated on the knowledge of the structure-function relationship of the brain. When the topic is broached in its historiography, it begins with Fritch and Hitzig\'s report on the localization of motor function in the cortex of the dog and skips rapidly to Wilder Penfield\'s homunculus. In that gap are found the origins of modern neurosurgery in 3 papers published by Jean-Martin Charcot and Albert
Pitres between 1877 and 1879 in which they describe the somatotopic organization of the human motor cortex and draw the first human brain map. Their findings, obtained through the clinicopathological method, gave relevance to David Ferrier\'s observations in animals. Their work was extensively cited, and their illustrations reproduced by Ferrier in his landmark lecture to the Royal College of Physicians in 1878. It was known to William Macewen, who used localization to guide him in resecting intracranial mass lesions, and to William Osler and John Hughlings Jackson, who were early advocates of intracranial surgery. This paper describes Charcot and
Pitres\' discovery of the cortical origin of human voluntary movement and its somatotopic organization, and their influence on 19th-century intracranial surgery. It fills a gap in the historiography of cerebral localization and neurosurgery.