未经评估:与庇护所中COVID-19传染风险因素增加相关的因素包括人员流动和人满为患,在公共区域度过的时间,日常供应需求,水供应,和卫生水平。关于COVID-19大流行对移民和难民影响的报告,“表明,诸如粮食短缺等因素,用品,水,消毒材料,健康距离的空间,租金和基本服务的财政资源,以及缺乏医疗或心理护理使为寻求国际保护的移民和申请人提供护理变得更加复杂。
UNASSIGNED:我们描述了在边境城市居住的移民人口中发现和追踪可疑和确诊的COVID-19病例的庇护所行动,这些病例表现出轻度症状。
未经评估:我们进行了半结构化,对研究对象(负责人,经理,协调员,庇护所主管)来自22个移民庇护所,和30个关键线人。我们研究了蒂华纳(下加利福尼亚州)的城市,诺加莱斯(索诺拉),华雷斯城(奇瓦瓦州),PiedrasNegras(Coahuila),和HeroicaMatamoros(塔毛利帕斯)。该研究基于人种学方法的定性方法设计。收集的信息被转录和系统化成两个表格或分析模板,一个用于采访研究对象,另一个是对关键演员的采访。
未经评估:总的来说,在研究重点关注的五个城市中,有78个注册的庇护所为移民提供了住宿服务:蒂华纳的37个,五个在诺加莱斯,22人在华雷斯城,八个在PiedrasNegras,和五个加一个营地(总共六个)在马塔莫罗斯。避难所的主要集中在蒂华纳(47.4%)和华雷斯城(28.2%)。在大流行开始时,只有少数避难所设施符合检疫和隔离准则,例如有单独的浴室和足够的空间来隔离“无症状”和“确认”与密切的“接触者”。缺乏隔离空间和无法支持对COVID-19患者的监测对那些住在避难所的人构成了挑战,迫使许多庇护所关闭或继续闭门造车,以避免在大流行期间成为感染源。
未经批准:与猜测相反,大流行爆发期间,北部边境移民收容所并未成为COVID-19感染源.根据从78个收容所分析的数据,只有7个确诊病例,“爆发”的分类仅适用于两个设施。由于遵循预防性遏制逻辑,感染控制或遏制成功,包括隔离所有可疑但未经证实的病例,没有清楚了解维持隔离区所需的人力和财力。然而,研究中的庇护所实施了流行病学监测方案,control,用干扰监测空间的元素进行预防,以及导致疏忽导致低估案件数量的过程。
UNASSIGNED:由于为预防和遏制冠状病毒感染而施加的旅行限制,因此无法在所研究的城市中停留现场,除了蒂华纳,或在庇护所中记录移民的观点。
Elements associated with an increased risk factor for the contagion of COVID-19 in shelters include the turnover and overcrowding of people, time spent in communal areas, daily supply needs, water availability, and sanitation levels. The \"Report on the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrants and Refugees,\" shows that factors such as the shortage of food, supplies, water, sanitizing materials, spaces for healthy distancing, financial resources for rent and essential services, and the lack of medical or psychological care complicated providing care for migrants and applicants seeking international protection.
We describe shelter operations regarding the detection and follow-up of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases showing mild symptoms among the migrant population housed in the border cities under study.
We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with study subjects (people in charge, managers, coordinators, shelter directors) from 22 migrant shelters, and 30 with key informants. We studied the cities of Tijuana (Baja California), Nogales (Sonora), Ciudad Juárez (Chihuahua), Piedras Negras (Coahuila), and Heroica Matamoros (Tamaulipas). The research was based on a qualitative methodological design with an ethnographic approach. The information collected was transcribed and systematized into two tables or analytical templates, one for interviews with study subjects, and another for interviews with key actors.
Overall, seventy-eight registered shelters provided accommodation services for migrants in the five cities the study focused on: thirty-seven in Tijuana, five in Nogales, twenty-two in Ciudad Juárez, eight in Piedras Negras, and five plus a camp (six in total) in Matamoros. The major concentration of shelters was in Tijuana (47.4%) and Ciudad Juárez (28.2%). At the beginning of the pandemic, only a few shelter facilities met quarantine and isolation guidelines, such as having separate bathrooms and sufficient space to isolate the \"asymptomatic\" and \"confirmed\" from close \"contacts\". The lack of isolation space and the inability to support the monitoring of patients with COVID-19 posed a challenge for those housed in shelters, forcing many shelters to close or continue operating behind closed doors to avoid becoming a source of infection during the pandemic.
Contrary to speculation, during the onset of the pandemic northern border migrant shelters did not become sources of COVID-19 infection. According to the data analyzed from 78 shelters only seven had confirmed cases, and the classification of \"outbreak\" was applied only in two facilities. Contagion control or containment was successful as the result of following a preventive containment logic, including the isolation of all suspected but unconfirmed cases, without a clear understanding of the human and financial resources required to maintain isolation areas. However, shelters in the study implemented protocols for epidemiological surveillance, control, and prevention with elements that interfered with monitoring spaces, and processes that caused oversights that resulted in underestimating the number of cases.
Due to travel restrictions imposed to prevent and contain coronavirus infections it was impossible to stay on-site in the cities studied, except for Tijuana, or carry-out recordings of migrants\' views in shelters.