金属(类)污染土壤的修复策略在各种方法中有所不同,包括身体,化学,和生物修复,或这些的组合。在这项研究中,我们评估了一组基于无机(大理石污泥)和有机改良剂的联合应用的土壤修复处理的有效性(蠕虫,和由腐生真菌刚毛的科里奥兰氏菌和鸡冠菌生物转化的干橄榄残留物[DOR]),并接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)(不规则根虫和根瘤菌)。在温室条件下对被潜在有毒元素(PTE)(Pb,As,Zn,Cu,Cd,和Sb),并在改良的土壤中种植小麦,以测试处理在降低土壤毒性,改善土壤条件和植物性能方面的有效性。因此,我们评估了处理对主要土壤性质和微生物活性的影响,以及小麦植物中的PTE可用性和生物积累。总的来说,结果表明,所有处理对主要土壤性质都有积极影响。由大理石和有机改良剂的组合组成的处理,特别是生物转化DOR修正案,在改善土壤生物状况方面表现出最大的效果,促进植物生长和生存,并减少PTE的可用性和植物吸收。此外,AMF接种通过促进土壤中PTEs的固定和刺激AMF诱导的植物稳定机制,进一步增强了DOR改良剂的功效。从而在植物中发挥重要的生物保护作用。因此,我们的结果强调,生物转化的DOR可能是一种有效的产品,用于修复金属(类)污染的土壤时,作为土壤有机改良剂。并且将其与AMFs结合使用可能代表了一种有前途的可持续生物修复策略,用于恢复土壤功能并减少污染区的毒性。
Remediation strategies for metal(loid)-polluted soils vary among the wide range of approaches, including physical, chemical, and biological remediation, or combinations of these. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of a set of soil remediation treatments based on the combined application of inorganic (marble sludge) and organic amendments (vermicompost, and dry olive residue [DOR] biotransformed by the saprobic fungi Coriolopsis rigida and Coprinellus radians) and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) (Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizoglomus custos). The treatments were applied under greenhouse conditions to soil residually polluted by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Sb), and wheat was grown in the amended soils to test the effectiveness of the treatments in reducing soil toxicity and improving soil conditions and plant performance. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of the treatments on the main soil properties and microbial activities, as well as on PTE availability and bioaccumulation in wheat plants. Overall, the results showed a positive influence of all treatments on the main soil properties. Treatments consisting of a combination of marble and organic amendments, especially biotransformed DOR amendments, showed the greatest effectiveness in improving the soil biological status, promoting plant growth and survival, and reducing PTE availability and plant uptake. Furthermore, AMF inoculation further enhanced the efficacy of DOR amendments by promoting the immobilization of PTEs in soil and stimulating the
phytostabilization mechanisms induced by AMFs, thus playing an important bioprotective role in plants. Therefore, our results highlight that biotransformed DOR may represent an efficient product for use as a soil organic amendment when remediating metal(loid)-polluted soils, and that its application in combination with AMFs may represent a promising sustainable bioremediation strategy for recovering soil functions and reducing toxicity in polluted areas.