最近,金纳米粒子(AuNps)作为一种安全的纳米载体,以其独特的特性获得了极大的关注,用于提供用于不同疾病诊断的药物。尽管银纳米粒子(AgNPs)由于其强大的抗菌性而被普遍应用,抗病毒,抗真菌药,和抗菌性能,它们的毒性是一个持续争论的话题,因此需要进一步研究。本研究旨在评估金纳米颗粒和酞菁-金纳米缀合物(Pc-AuNC)对雄性大鼠银纳米颗粒的肝肾毒性的潜在保护作用。在这里,将60只成年雄性褐家鼠分为6组(n=10只/组);第一组作为对照组,第二次接受金纳米颗粒(AuNPs),每天腹膜内(10µg/kg),持续3周,第三组是金酞菁(Pc-Au)组,其中大鼠腹膜内注射金酞菁3周(10µg/kg),第四组每天腹腔注射银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)(4mg/kg),持续3周,第五组是银+金纳米粒子组(Ag+Au),第六个是银+金-酞菁纳米缀合物(Ag+Pc-Au)组,其中大鼠首先腹膜内注射AgNP(4mg/kg)3周,然后再注射金或金-酞菁3周(10µg/kg)。我们的结果表明,AgNPs可以增加血清AST,ALT,ALP,尿素,肌酐,和血脂谱,并显着降低总蛋白和白蛋白。此外,在AgNP组的肾脏和肝脏中检测到的组织病理学改变包括血管充血,炎性细胞浸润,和组织变形。旁边,暴露于AgNP通过抑制抗氧化相关基因,包括谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶1(gpx1)诱导肝肾氧化应激,超氧化物歧化酶(sod),和过氧化氢酶(猫)。AgNP还上调参与炎症的肝和肾基因,如白细胞介素-6(il-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tnf-α),核因子κB(NF-κβ),凋亡,如BCL2相关的X(bax),casp3,以及其他与代谢相关的物质,包括天冬酰胺合成酶(asns),细胞因子信号抑制因子3(socs3),MYC原癌基因(myc),和C-C基序趋化因子配体2(CCl2)。另一方面,AuNPs和Pc-AuNCs治疗可有效改善AgNPs引起的肝肾损伤,改善肝肾结构和功能,特别是在Pc-AuNCs组中。简而言之,我们的研究揭示了强调AgNPs肝毒性和肾毒性作用的机制,并且Pc-AuNCs可以通过其抗氧化来减轻这些不利影响,抗凋亡,和抗炎活性。
Recently, gold nanoparticles (Au Nps) have gained tremendous attention for its unique properties as a safe nanocarrier for delivering drugs that are used in different disease diagnoses. Although silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been generally applied due to their strong antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties, their toxicity is a subject of sustained debate, thus requiring further studies. The present study aims to evaluate the potential protective effect of gold nanoparticles and
phthalocyanine-gold nanoconjugates (Pc-Au NCs) against the hepatorenal toxicity of silver nanoparticles in male rats. Herein, 60 adult male Rattus norvegicus rats were divided into six equal groups (n = 10/group); the first group was kept as control, the second received gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) intraperitoneally (10 µg/kg) daily for 3 weeks, the third group is gold-
phthalocyanine (Pc-Au) group where rats were injected intraperitoneally with gold-
phthalocyanine for 3 weeks (10 µg/kg), the fourth group received silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (4 mg/kg) daily intraperitoneally for 3 weeks, the fifth group is silver + gold nanoparticles group (Ag + Au), and the sixth is silver + gold-
phthalocyanine nanoconjugates (Ag + Pc-Au) group in which rats were intraperitoneally injected firstly with Ag NPs (4 mg/kg) for 3 weeks then with gold or gold-
phthalocyanine for another 3 weeks (10 µg/kg). Our results revealed that Ag NPs could increase the serum AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, and lipid profile and significantly decreased the total protein and albumin. Moreover, histopathological alterations detected in the kidney and the liver of the Ag NPs group included vascular congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and tissue distortion. Alongside, exposure to Ag NPs induces hepatic and renal oxidative stress by suppressing the antioxidant-related genes including glutathione peroxidase 1 (gpx1), superoxide dismutase (sod), and catalase (cat). Ag NPs also upregulated the hepatic and renal genes involved in inflammation such as the interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κβ), apoptosis such as the BCL2 associated X (bax), casp3, and other related to metabolism including asparagine synthetase (asns), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (socs3), MYC proto-oncogene (myc), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (ccl2). On the other hand, treatment with Au NPs and Pc-Au NCs could effectively ameliorate the hepatorenal damages induced by Ag NPs and improve liver and kidney architecture and function, especially in the Pc-Au NCs group. Briefly, our study revealed the underlined mechanism of Ag NPs hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects and that Pc-Au NCs could alleviate these adverse impacts via their anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities.