高分子量壳聚糖(HMWCh),季铵化纤维素纳米原纤维(qCNF),它们的混合物在液相中显示出抗病毒的潜力,虽然这种效果在应用于面膜时降低,正如我们最近的工作所研究的那样。为了更深入地了解物质的抗病毒活性,从每种悬浮液制备旋涂薄膜(HMWCh,qCNF)及其比例为1:1的混合物。为了了解它们的作用机制,研究了这些模型膜与各种极性和非极性液体以及噬菌体phi6(在液相中)作为病毒替代物之间的相互作用。使用表面自由能(SFE)估算值作为工具,通过使用固着滴法进行接触角测量(CA)来评估不同极性液相对这些膜的潜在粘附力。Fowkes,欧文斯-温特-拉贝尔-基尔布尔(OWRK),吴,和vanOss-Chaudhury-Good(vOGC)数学模型用于估计表面自由能及其极性和色散贡献,以及路易斯酸和路易斯碱的贡献。此外,还测定了液体的表面张力SFT。还观察到润湿过程中的粘附力和内聚力。旋转涂膜的估计SFE在数学模型(26-31mJ/m2)之间变化,具体取决于所测试溶剂的极性,但是模型之间的相关性清楚地表明了阻碍润湿性的分散成分的显着优势。在液相中的内聚力强于对接触表面的粘附力的事实也支持了差的润湿性。此外,在phi6分散体中占主导地位的分散(疏水)组分,由于旋涂薄膜也是如此,可以假设在phi6和多糖膜之间发生弱物理范德华力(分散力)和疏水相互作用,导致病毒在待被使用的多糖的活性涂层灭活的材料的抗病毒测试期间不与测试材料充分接触。关于触点杀死机制,这是可以通过改变先前的材料表面(活化)来克服的缺点。这样,HMWCh,qCNF,它们的混合物可以以更好的附着力附着在材料表面,厚度,不同的形状和方向,导致SFE的更主要的极性部分,从而使phi6分散体的极性部分内的相互作用成为可能。
High molecular weight chitosan (HMWCh), quaternised cellulose nanofibrils (qCNF), and their mixture showed antiviral potential in liquid phase, while this effect decreased when applied to facial masks, as studied in our recent work. To gain more insight into material antiviral activity, spin-coated thin films were prepared from each suspension (HMWCh, qCNF) and their mixture with a 1:1 ratio. To understand their mechanism of action, the interactions between these model films with various polar and nonpolar liquids and bacteriophage
phi6 (in liquid phase) as a viral surrogate were studied. Surface free energy (SFE) estimates were used as a tool to evaluate the potential adhesion of different polar liquid phases to these films by contact angle measurements (CA) using the sessile drop method. The Fowkes, Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kealble (OWRK), Wu, and van Oss-Chaudhury-Good (vOGC) mathematical models were used to estimate surface free energy and its polar and dispersive contributions, as well as the Lewis acid and Lewis base contributions. In addition, the surface tension SFT of liquids was also determined. The adhesion and cohesion forces in wetting processes were also observed. The estimated SFE of spin-coated films varied between mathematical models (26-31 mJ/m2) depending on the polarity of the solvents tested, but the correlation between models clearly indicated a significant dominance of the dispersion components that hinder wettability. The poor wettability was also supported by the fact that the cohesive forces in the liquid phase were stronger than the adhesion to the contact surface. In addition, the dispersive (hydrophobic) component dominated in the
phi6 dispersion, and since this was also the case in the spin-coated films, it can be assumed that weak physical van der Waals forces (dispersion forces) and hydrophobic interactions occurred between
phi6 and the polysaccharide films, resulting in the virus not being in sufficient contact with the tested material during antiviral testing of the material to be inactivated by the active coatings of the polysaccharides used. Regarding the contact killing mechanism, this is a disadvantage that can be overcome by changing the previous material surface (activation). In this way, HMWCh, qCNF, and their mixture can attach to the material surface with better adhesion, thickness, and different shape and orientation, resulting in a more dominant polar fraction of SFE and thus enabling the interactions within the polar part of
phi6 dispersion.