■青春期早期与不良健康结局有关,例如青春期的心理健康问题和成年期的心脏代谢疾病。尽管亚裔美国人迅速成长,夏威夷原住民,美国的太平洋岛民,关于他们青春期时间的研究有限,可能掩盖健康差距。
■为了检查亚裔美国人的青春期时间,夏威夷原住民,以及太平洋岛民儿童和青少年,通过对族裔群体进行分类。
■这项回顾性队列研究包括亚裔美国人,夏威夷原住民,和5至18岁的太平洋岛民青年在北加利福尼亚KaiserPermanente评估青春期发育,一个大的,综合医疗保健提供系统。随访发生在2005年3月至2019年12月31日。数据在2023年10月进行了分析。
■种族和民族,分为11个种族亚组:亚洲印第安人,中文,菲律宾人,日本人,韩语,夏威夷原住民和太平洋岛民,其他南亚人,其他东南亚国家,越南人,多民族,和多种族。
■使用医生评估的性成熟评级(SMR)确定青春期时间。结果包括男孩生殖器发育(性腺)从SMR1(青春期前)过渡到SMR2或更高(青春期)的中位年龄,女孩的乳房发育(tharche),男孩和女孩的阴毛发育(pubarche)。
■在这个由107325名亚裔美国人组成的队列中,夏威夷原住民,和太平洋岛民儿童和青少年(54.61%的男孩;12.96%的亚洲印度人,22.24%中国人,26.46%菲律宾人,1.80%日本人,1.66%韩国人,1.96%夏威夷原住民和太平洋岛民,0.86%其他南亚,3.26%其他东南亚国家,5.99%越南语,0.74%多民族,和22.05%多种族),女孩的总体中位年龄为10.98岁(95%CI,10.96-11.01岁)和10.13岁(95%CI,10.11-10.15岁),分别。对于男孩\'pubarche和gonadarche,中位年龄为12.08岁(95%CI,12.06-12.10岁)和11.54岁(95%CI,11.52-11.56岁),分别。发病时最早和最晚中位年龄的亚组之间的差异为14个月,Tharche的8个月,8个月的男孩\'pubarche,还有4个月的性腺。总的来说,亚洲印第安人,夏威夷原住民和太平洋岛民,而其他南亚亚组在整个青春期标志中发病年龄最早,而东亚青年则表现出最新的发病。限制体重指数健康的人并没有实质性改变研究结果。
■在这项针对亚裔美国人的队列研究中,夏威夷原住民,以及太平洋岛民儿童和青少年,不同种族的青春期时间差异很大。有必要进行进一步的调查,以评估这些差异是否会导致成年后观察到的健康差异,如2型糖尿病和心血管疾病。
UNASSIGNED: Earlier puberty is associated with adverse health outcomes, such as mental health issues in adolescence and cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. Despite rapid growth of the Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander populations in the US, limited research exists on their pubertal timing, potentially masking health disparities.
UNASSIGNED: To examine pubertal timing among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander children and adolescents by disaggregating ethnic subgroups.
UNASSIGNED: This retrospective cohort study included Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander youths aged 5 to 18 years assessed for pubertal development at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a large, integrated health care delivery system. Follow-up occurred from March 2005, through December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed in October 2023.
UNASSIGNED: Race and ethnicity, categorized into 11 ethnic subgroups: Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, Other South Asian, Other Southeast Asian, Vietnamese, multiethnic, and multiracial.
UNASSIGNED: Pubertal timing was determined using physician-assessed sexual maturity ratings (SMRs). Outcomes included the median age at transition from SMR 1 (prepubertal) to SMR 2 or higher (pubertal) for onset of genital development (gonadarche) in boys, breast development (thelarche) in girls, and pubic hair development (pubarche) in both boys and girls.
UNASSIGNED: In this cohort of 107 325 Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander children and adolescents (54.61% boys; 12.96% Asian Indian, 22.24% Chinese, 26.46% Filipino, 1.80% Japanese, 1.66% Korean, 1.96% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.86% Other South Asian, 3.26% Other Southeast Asian, 5.99% Vietnamese, 0.74% multiethnic, and 22.05% multiracial), the overall median ages for girls\' pubarche and thelarche were 10.98 years (95% CI, 10.96-11.01 years) and 10.13 years (95% CI, 10.11-10.15 years), respectively. For boys\' pubarche and gonadarche, median ages were 12.08 years (95% CI, 12.06-12.10 years) and 11.54 years (95% CI, 11.52-11.56 years), respectively. Differences between subgroups with earliest and latest median age at onset were 14 months for girls\' pubarche, 8 months for thelarche, 8 months for boys\' pubarche, and 4 months for gonadarche. In general, Asian Indian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and Other South Asian subgroups had the earliest ages at onset across pubertal markers, while East Asian youths exhibited the latest onset. Restricting to those with healthy body mass index did not substantially change the findings.
UNASSIGNED: In this cohort study of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander children and adolescents, pubertal timing varied considerably across ethnic subgroups. Further investigation is warranted to assess whether these differences contribute to observed health disparities in adulthood, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.