在当今世界,可穿戴工具的进步势头越来越大。值得注意的是,由于人体运动监测等各种潜在和新兴应用,对可拉伸应变传感器的需求大大增加,软机器人,假肢,电子皮肤水凝胶具有优异的生物相容性,灵活性,和可拉伸性,使它们成为柔性/可穿戴基板的理想候选者。其中,巨大的努力集中在聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶的进展,通过使用添加剂/纳米填料/官能团修饰水凝胶网络来实现多功能可穿戴传感。在这里,本文综述了基于PVA水凝胶的可穿戴传感器的性能,应变感官效率,和潜在的应用,然后使用金属/非金属特别强调他们的探针,液态金属(LM),2D材质,生物纳米材料,和聚合物纳米填料。的确,描述了设计的PVA水凝胶的柔性电极和应变/压力传感性能,以实现其有效传感。仔细选择代表性案例,并就施工进行讨论。优点和缺点,分别。最后,还提出了用于可穿戴应变传感器的导电和可拉伸水凝胶的未来进展的必要性和要求,其次是机遇和挑战。
In today\'s world, the progress of wearable tools has gained increasing momentum. Notably, the demand for stretchable strain sensors has considerably increased owing to various potential and emerging applications like human motion monitoring, soft robotics, prosthetics, and electronic skin. Hydrogels possess excellent biocompatibility, flexibility, and stretchability that render them ideal candidates for flexible/wearable substrates. Among them, enormous efforts were focused on the progress of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels to realize multifunctional wearable sensing through using additives/nanofillers/functional groups to modify the hydrogel network. Herein, this review offers an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of the research progress of PVA hydrogel-based wearable sensors in view of their properties, strain sensory efficiency, and potential applications, followed by specifically highlighting their probes using metallic/non-metallic, liquid metal (LM), 2D materials, bio-nanomaterials, and polymer nanofillers. Indeed, flexible electrodes and strain/pressure sensing performance of designed PVA hydrogels for their effective sensing are described. The representative cases are carefully selected and discussed regarding the construction, merits and demerits, respectively. Finally, the necessity and requirements for future advances of conductive and stretchable hydrogels engaged in the wearable strain sensors are also presented, followed by opportunities and challenges.