RNA修饰是表观转录组的重要组成部分,调节RNA代谢和细胞功能。迄今为止,已经确定了几种类型的RNA修饰;它们包括N6-甲基腺苷(m6A),N1-甲基腺苷(m1A),5-甲基胞嘧啶(m5C),N7-甲基鸟苷(m7G),N6,2'-O-二甲基腺苷(m6Am),N4-乙酰胞苷(ac4C),等。RNA修饰,由包括作家在内的监管机构调解,橡皮擦,和读者,与致癌作用有关,肿瘤微环境,代谢重编程,免疫抑制,免疫疗法,化疗,等。一个新颖的观点表明,调控亚基和翻译后修饰(PTM)参与了作者的调控,橡皮擦,和读者在介导RNA修饰中的功能,肿瘤发生,和抗癌治疗。在这次审查中,我们总结了在不同的RNA修饰(特别是m6A)的知识取得的进展,并重点研究了RNA修饰调节因子在癌症中的一系列因素,包括调节亚基(蛋白质,非编码RNA或由长链非编码RNA编码的肽)和PTM(乙酰化,SUMOylation,乳酸化,磷酸化,等。).我们还描述了RNA修饰调节功能与癌发生或癌症进展之间的关系。此外,讨论了靶向RNA修饰调节剂用于抗癌治疗的抑制剂及其与免疫疗法或化学疗法的协同作用。
RNA modification is an essential component of the epitranscriptome, regulating RNA metabolism and cellular functions. Several types of RNA modifications have been identified to date; they include N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), N6,2\'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), etc. RNA modifications, mediated by regulators including writers, erasers, and readers, are associated with carcinogenesis, tumor microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, immunosuppression, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, etc. A novel perspective indicates that regulatory subunits and post-translational modifications (
PTMs) are involved in the regulation of writer, eraser, and reader functions in mediating RNA modifications, tumorigenesis, and anticancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the advances made in the knowledge of different RNA modifications (especially m6A) and focus on RNA modification regulators with functions modulated by a series of factors in cancer, including regulatory subunits (proteins, noncoding RNA or peptides encoded by long noncoding RNA) and
PTMs (acetylation, SUMOylation, lactylation, phosphorylation, etc.). We also delineate the relationship between RNA modification regulator functions and carcinogenesis or cancer progression. Additionally, inhibitors that target RNA modification regulators for anticancer therapy and their synergistic effect combined with immunotherapy or chemotherapy are discussed.