长江江豚(YFP,新毛白鲸)是在中国发现的唯一淡水鲸目动物。然而,YFP中的全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)风险尚不清楚。在这项研究中,遗留PFAS,它们的前体和替代品,在YFP肌肉中测定(n=32),肝脏(n=29),肾(n=24),皮肤(n=5),2017年至2023年从鄱阳湖(PL)和长江(YR)收集的鲸脂(n=25)。全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)是所有YFP组织中主要的PFAS,肝脏浓度中位数为1700ng/g湿重,高于全球其他江豚。全氟辛烷磺酸,氯化多氟醚磺酸盐(Cl-PFESA),来自PL的YFP肝脏中的全氟烷烃磺胺类药物浓度显着高于来自YR的水平(p<0.05);但是,对于六氟环氧丙烷酸观察到相反的情况。生物放大和营养放大因子(BMF和TMF,分别)YFP食物网中大多数PFAS>1。全氟庚烷磺酸具有最高的BMF值(99),其次是6:2Cl-PFESA(94)和全氟辛烷磺酸(81)。总PFAS的TMFmuscum和TMFliver值分别为3.4和6.6,与氟化碳链长度呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。此外,高达62%的6:2Cl-PFESA的危险商数>1,高于全氟辛烷磺酸(48%),提示6:2Cl-PFESA对YFP的高肝毒性。遗留物和新兴替代品在水生生物中的生物累积和生物毒性仍然是一个令人关切的问题,特别是强调长寿和濒危物种的脆弱性。
The Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP, Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is the only freshwater cetacean found in China. However, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (
PFASs) risks in YFPs remain unclear. In this study, legacy
PFASs, their precursors and alternatives, were determined in YFP muscles (n = 32), liver (n = 29), kidney (n = 24), skin (n = 5), and blubbers (n = 25) collected from Poyang Lake (PL) and Yangtze River (YR) between 2017 and 2023. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was the predominant PFAS in all YFP tissues, with a median hepatic concentration of 1700 ng/g wet weight, which is higher than that in other finless porpoises worldwide. PFOS, chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates (Cl-PFESAs), and perfluoroalkane sulfonamides concentrations in YFP livers from PL were significantly higher than those from YR (p < 0.05); however, the opposite was observed for hexafluoropropylene oxide acids. Biomagnification and trophic magnification factors (BMF and TMF, respectively) of most
PFASs in the YFP food web were > 1. Perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid had the highest BMF value (99), followed by 6:2 Cl-PFESA (94) and PFOS (81). The TMFmuscle and TMFliver values of the total
PFASs were 3.4 and 6.6, respectively, and were significantly positively correlated with the fluorinated carbon chain length (p < 0.01). In addition, up to 62 % of the hazard quotients for 6:2 Cl-PFESA were > 1, which was higher than that of PFOS (48 %), suggesting a high hepatotoxicity of 6:2 Cl-PFESA to YFPs. Bioaccumulation and biotoxicity of legacy and emerging alternatives in aquatic organisms continue to be a concern, especially for underscoring the vulnerability of the long-lived and endangered species.