诺如病毒(NoV)是引起所有年龄段人群急性胃肠炎(AGE)的主要病原体,尤其是儿童。在这项研究中,我们调查了2018-2021年上海市AGE儿童NoV的分子流行病学特征。NoV的总体检出率为11.9%(181/1545),年检出率为9.4%(36/381),13.6%(29/213),5.8%(13/226)和14.2%(103/725),分别。值得注意的是,2020年NoV的患病率明显低于2018-2019年(10.9%,65/594)(P=0.023)和2021年(14.2%,103/725)(P=0.000)。在这项研究中鉴定出的181个NoV菌株被归类为GI组(1.1%,2/181),GII组(98.3%,178/181)和GIX组(0.6%,1/181)根据VP1基因。最常见的NoVVP1基因型是GII.4Sydney_2012(63.5%,115/181),其次是GII.3(19.9%,36/181)和GII.2(9.4%,17/181)。对于P基因型,174株根据RdRp基因成功测序,主要基因型为GII。P16(44.8%,78/174),其次是GII。P31(25.9%,45/174)和GII。P12(21.3%,37/174)。在174个案例中,GII.4悉尼_2012[P16](36.8%,64/174)是显性基因型,其次是GII.4悉尼_2012[P31](25.3%,44/174),GII.3[P12](20.1%,35/174)和GII.2[P16](8.0%,14/174)。特别是,上海的显性基因型从2018-2019年的GII.4Sydney_2012[P31]变为2020-2021年的GII.4Sydney_2012[P16]。这是第一份描述上海COVID-19大流行之前和期间NoV感染的流行病学变化的报告。这些数据凸显了对上海AGE儿童进行NoV连续监测的重要性。
Norovirus (NoV) is a major pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in people of all ages, especially in children. In this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiological characteristics of NoV in children with AGE in Shanghai from 2018 to 2021. The overall detection rate of NoV was 11.9% (181/1545), with annual detection rates of 9.4% (36/381), 13.6% (29/213), 5.8% (13/226) and 14.2% (103/725), respectively. Of note, the prevalence of NoV in 2020 was significantly lower than that in 2018-2019 (10.9%, 65/594) (P = 0.023) and 2021 (14.2%, 103/725) (P = 0.000). The 181 NoV strains identified in this study were classified into the GI group (1.1%, 2/181), GII group (98.3%, 178/181) and GIX group (0.6%, 1/181) according to the VP1 gene. The most common NoV VP1 genotype was GII.4 Sydney_2012 (63.5%, 115/181), followed by GII.3 (19.9%, 36/181) and GII.2 (9.4%, 17/181). For P genotypes, 174 strains were sequenced successfully according to the RdRp gene, and the predominant genotype was GII.P16 (44.8%, 78/174), followed by GII.P31 (25.9%, 45/174) and GII.P12 (21.3%, 37/174). Among the 174 cases, GII.4 Sydney_2012[P16] (36.8%, 64/174) was the dominant genotype, followed by GII.4 Sydney_2012[P31] (25.3%, 44/174), GII.3[P12] (20.1%, 35/174) and GII.2[P16] (8.0%, 14/174). In particular, the dominant genotypes in Shanghai changed from GII.4 Sydney_2012[P31] in 2018-2019 to GII.4 Sydney_2012[P16] in 2020-2021. This is the first report to describe the epidemiological changes in NoV infection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai. These data highlight the importance of continuous surveillance for NoV in children with AGE in Shanghai.