水稻-动物综合养殖(IRAC)是一种将水稻种植与畜牧业相结合的生态农业系统,这对粮食安全和农业可持续发展具有重大影响。然而,共育对水稻产量的综合影响,氮(N)损失,和氮肥部分要素生产率(NPFP)仍然难以捉摸,并且在不同的环境条件和氮肥管理下可能会有所不同。这里,我们在全球范围内对各种IRAC系统的数据进行了荟萃分析,包括371、298和115套水稻产量数据,NPFP,和N损失,分别。结果表明,IRAC可以显著提高水稻产量(3.47%)和NPFP(4.26%),并减少N2O排放(减少16.69%),NH3挥发(11.03%),N径流(减少17.72%),和N浸出(19.10%)。此外,水稻产量存在显著差异,NPFP,和不同IRAC系统之间的N损失,这可能归因于区域气候的变化,土壤变量,和氮肥管理实践。水稻产量和NPFP的效应大小与施氮量和频率以及土壤粘粒含量显着相关。此外,较高的降水量对应于对水稻NPFP的较大影响。N2O排放与年平均气温密切相关,年降水量,N应用频率,土壤pH值,土壤有机质含量,土壤粘粒含量,和土壤容重。然而,NH3挥发,N径流,N浸出与环境条件或N管理无关。多元回归分析进一步表明,土壤粘粒含量和施氮量对预测水稻产量的影响大小至关重要。NPFP,和IRAC下的N2O排放。具体来说,在高粘土含量的土壤中,低氮施用量的IRAC可以增加影响大小,以增加水稻NPFP和产量并减少N2O排放。总之,IRAC提供了优化水稻产量和NPFP以及减轻氮素损失的有效策略。
Integrated rice-animal co-culture (IRAC) is an ecological agricultural system combining rice cultivation with animal farming, which holds significant implications for food security and agriculture sustainable development. However, the comprehensive impacts of the co-culture on rice yield, nitrogen (N) losses, and N fertilizer partial factor productivity (NPFP) remain elusive and may vary under different environmental conditions and N management. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of data from various IRAC systems on a global scale, including 371, 298, and 115 sets of data for rice yield, NPFP, and N losses, respectively. The results showed that IRAC could significantly increase rice yield (by 3.47 %) and NPFP (by 4.26 %), and reduce N2O emissions (by 16.69 %), NH3 volatilization (by 11.03 %), N runoff (by 17.72 %), and N leaching (by 19.10 %). Furthermore, there were significant differences in rice yield, NPFP, and N loss among different IRAC systems, which may be ascribed to variations in regional climate, soil variables, and N fertilizer management practices. The effect sizes of rice yield and NPFP were notably correlated with the rate and frequency of N application and the soil clay content. Moreover, a higher amount of precipitation corresponded to a larger effect size on rice NPFP. N2O emissions were closely associated with mean annual air temperature, annual precipitation, N application frequency, soil pH level, soil organic matter content, soil clay content, and soil bulk density. However, NH3 volatilization, N runoff, and N leaching exhibited no correlation with either the environmental conditions or the N management. Multivariate regression analysis further demonstrated that the soil clay content and N application rate are pivotal in predicting the effect sizes of rice yield, NPFP, and N2O emissions under IRAC. Specifically, IRAC with a low N application rate in soils with a high clay content could augment the effect size to increase rice NPFP and yield and reduce N2O emissions. In conclusion, IRAC offers a potent strategy to optimize rice yield and NPFP as well as mitigate N losses.