尼帕病毒(NiV)是一种新兴的病原体,可引起脑炎,并在受感染的受试者中引起高死亡率。本系统综述旨在全面分析NiV的全球流行病学和研究进展,以确定文献中的关键知识空白。使用文献数据库搜索的文章,即PubMed,Scopus,WebofScience,和科学直接发表了5596篇文章。文章筛选后,本系统综述共包括97篇文章,包括41项流行病学研究和56项关于NiV的研究进展。大多数NiV流行病学研究是在孟加拉国进行的,反映了该国NiV爆发的沉重负担。1998年在马来西亚发现了最初的NiV爆发,随后在孟加拉国报告了爆发,印度,和菲律宾。传输路线因国家而异,主要通过马来西亚的猪,孟加拉国的椰枣汁消费,和人对人在印度。然而,NiV基因组序列的可用性仍然有限,特别是来自马来西亚和印度。死亡率也因国家而异,孟加拉国超过70%,印度,菲律宾,马来西亚不到40%。了解各国死亡率的差异对于通报NiV流行病学和加强疫情预防和管理策略至关重要。在研究发展方面,大多数研究集中在疫苗开发上,其次是系统发育分析和抗病毒研究。虽然许多疫苗和抗病毒药物在动物模型中表现出完全的保护作用,只有两种疫苗进入临床试验。系统发育分析揭示了马来西亚NiV之间的不同进化枝,NiV孟加拉国,和NiV印度,提议将NiV印度归类为与NiV孟加拉国分开的菌株。一起来看,整合疾病监测和研究的全面OneHealth方法对于未来的NiV研究至关重要。扩展NiV基因组序列的数据集,特别是来自马来西亚,孟加拉国,印度将是关键。这些研究工作对于提高我们对NiV致病性的理解和开发强大的诊断分析至关重要。有效准备和应对未来NiV爆发所需的疫苗和治疗。
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging pathogen that causes encephalitis and a high mortality rate in infected subjects. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively analyze the global epidemiology and research advancements of NiV to identify the key knowledge gaps in the literature. Articles searched using literature databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct yielded 5,596 articles. After article screening, 97 articles were included in this systematic review, comprising 41 epidemiological studies and 56 research developments on NiV. The majority of the NiV epidemiological studies were conducted in Bangladesh, reflecting the country\'s significant burden of NiV outbreaks. The initial NiV outbreak was identified in Malaysia in 1998, with subsequent outbreaks reported in Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines. Transmission routes vary by country, primarily through pigs in Malaysia, consumption of date palm juice in Bangladesh, and human-to-human in India. However, the availability of NiV genome sequences remains limited, particularly from Malaysia and India. Mortality rates also vary according to the country, exceeding 70% in Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines, and less than 40% in Malaysia. Understanding these differences in mortality rate among countries is crucial for informing NiV epidemiology and enhancing outbreak prevention and management strategies. In terms of research developments, the majority of studies focused on vaccine development, followed by phylogenetic analysis and antiviral research. While many vaccines and antivirals have demonstrated complete protection in animal models, only two vaccines have progressed to clinical trials. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed distinct clades between NiV Malaysia, NiV Bangladesh, and NiV India, with proposals to classify NiV India as a separate strain from NiV Bangladesh. Taken together, comprehensive OneHealth approaches integrating disease surveillance and research are imperative for future NiV studies. Expanding the dataset of NiV genome sequences, particularly from Malaysia, Bangladesh, and India will be pivotal. These research efforts are essential for advancing our understanding of NiV pathogenicity and for developing robust diagnostic assays, vaccines and therapeutics necessary for effective preparedness and response to future NiV outbreaks.