加热的烟草产品代表一类新的烟草产品,其中烟草消耗品被加热到从烟叶释放尼古丁的温度,但不被加热到足以引起燃烧的温度。因此,加热的烟草制品可能有可能成为一种危害较小的替代品,否则成年吸烟者会继续吸烟,因为它们的使用会导致暴露于更少和更低水平的有毒物质。此更新是对我们之前的叙述审查的两年延长,其中涵盖了截至2021年8月31日发表的同行评审期刊文章。2021年至2023年间发表的科学证据继续表明,加热烟草产品产生的气溶胶含有更少和更低的有害和潜在有害成分,这些观察到的减少在体外和体内毒理学研究中始终转化为降低的生物效应。在临床环境中控制产品使用的研究的生物标志物和临床数据继续表明暴露生物标志物水平的变化,潜在危害的生物标志物,和临床终点表明,在成年吸烟者中转向独家使用加热烟草制品可能会减少危害。总的来说,现有的同行评审的科学证据继续表明,加热的烟草产品有望成为香烟的潜在危害较小的替代品,因此,我们最初的叙事审查的结论仍然有效。
Heated tobacco products represent a novel category of tobacco products in which a tobacco consumable is heated to a temperature that releases nicotine from the tobacco leaf but not to a temperature sufficient to cause combustion. Heated tobacco products may therefore have the potential to be a less harmful alternative for adult smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke cigarettes, as their use should result in exposure to substantially fewer and lower levels of toxicants. This update represents a two-year extension to our previous narrative review, which covered peer-reviewed journal articles published up to August 31, 2021. The scientific evidence published between 2021 and 2023 continues to indicate that aerosols produced from heated tobacco products contain fewer and substantially lower levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents and that these observed reductions consistently translate to reduced biological effects in both in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies. Biomarker and clinical data from studies in which product use is controlled within a clinical setting continue to suggest changes in levels of biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of potential harm, and clinical endpoints indicating the potential for reduced harm with switching to exclusive use of heated tobacco products in adult smokers. Overall, the available peer-reviewed scientific evidence continues to indicate that heated tobacco products offer promise as a potentially less harmful alternative to cigarettes, and as such, the conclusions of our original narrative review remain valid.