糖尿病的进展经常导致无数的神经系统疾病,包括缺血性中风,抑郁症,血脑屏障损伤,和认知功能障碍。值得注意的是,糖尿病相关认知障碍,糖尿病过程中普遍存在的合并症,逐渐影响患者的认知能力,并可能相互影响糖尿病管理,从而严重影响患者的生活质量。细胞外囊泡,特别是纳米级的外泌体,近年来引起了相当多的关注。这些外来体携带和转移各种功能分子,如蛋白质,脂质,和不同的非编码RNA,在细胞间相互作用中充当新型调节者和传播者。特别感兴趣的是,已报道间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体(MSC-Exos)穿过血脑屏障并改善脑内病理。本文综述了MSC-Exos在糖尿病相关认知障碍中的作用。专注于它们作为生物标志物的应用,神经元再生和突触可塑性的调节,抗炎特性,抗氧化作用,以及它们在认知障碍过程中参与调节β-淀粉样蛋白的功能。强调了MSC-Exos在治疗糖尿病诱导的认知功能障碍中的巨大治疗潜力。
The progression of diabetes frequently results in a myriad of neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke, depression, blood-brain barrier impairment, and cognitive dysfunction. Notably, diabetes-associated cognitive impairment, a prevalent comorbidity during the course of diabetes, progressively affects patients\' cognitive abilities and may reciprocally influence diabetes management, thereby severely impacting patients\' quality of life. Extracellular vesicles, particularly nanoscale exosomes, have garnered considerable attention in recent years. These exosomes carry and transfer various functional molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and diverse non-coding RNAs, serving as novel regulators and communicators in intercellular interactions. Of particular interest, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have been reported to traverse the blood-brain barrier and ameliorate intracerebral pathologies. This review elucidates the role of MSC-Exos in diabetes-related cognitive impairment, with a focus on their applications as biomarkers, modulation of neuronal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidative effects, and their involvement in regulating the functionality of β-amyloid proteins during the course of cognitive impairment. The immense therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in the treatment of diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction is emphasized.