■小胶质细胞,大脑常驻巨噬细胞,在维持体内平衡方面发挥多种作用,包括豁免权,监视,并通过其独特的激活过程保护中枢神经系统。由于存在基于发育阶段或激活状态而不同的各种表型,因此识别所有类型的小胶质细胞驱动的种群至关重要。在胚胎发育过程中,E8.5卵黄囊包含经历不同生长期的红髓系祖细胞,最终导致小胶质细胞的形成。此外,小胶质细胞作为不同的群体存在于神经系统疾病中。到目前为止,目前还没有发现能够准确识别和监测小胶质细胞发育和属性的个体生物标志物.
■这里,我们强调了新定义的小鼠小胶质细胞的生物标志物,UGT1A7C,与其他已知的小胶质细胞生物标志物相比,在小胶质细胞发育和激活过程中表现出优异的表达稳定性。UGT1A7C传感化学探针标记3xTGAD小鼠模型中的所有小胶质细胞。Ugt1a7c在发育过程中表达稳定,只有4倍的变化,而其他小胶质细胞生物标志物,例如Csf1r和Cx3cr1表现出至少10倍的差异。UGT1A7C表达在其整个生命周期中保持恒定。此外,UGT1A7C的表达和活性在体外对不同类型的炎症激活剂治疗的反应中是相同的。
■我们建议采用UGT1A7C作为小胶质细胞的代表性生物标志物,不管他们的发展状况如何,年龄,或激活状态。使用UGT1A7C可以减少使用多种生物标志物的需求,提高小胶质细胞分析的精度,甚至被用作基因/蛋白质表达的标准。
UNASSIGNED: Microglia, brain resident macrophages, play multiple roles in maintaining homeostasis, including immunity, surveillance, and protecting the central nervous system through their distinct activation processes. Identifying all types of microglia-driven populations is crucial due to the presence of various phenotypes that differ based on developmental stages or activation states. During embryonic development, the E8.5 yolk sac contains erythromyeloid progenitors that go through different growth phases, eventually resulting in the formation of microglia. In addition, microglia are present in neurological diseases as a diverse population. So far, no individual biomarker for microglia has been discovered that can accurately identify and monitor their development and attributes.
UNASSIGNED: Here, we highlight the newly defined biomarker of mouse microglia, UGT1A7C, which exhibits superior stability in expression during microglia development and activation compared to other known microglia biomarkers. The UGT1A7C sensing chemical probe labels all microglia in the 3xTG AD mouse model. The expression of Ugt1a7c is stable during development, with only a 4-fold variation, while other microglia biomarkers, such as Csf1r and Cx3cr1, exhibit at least a 10-fold difference. The UGT1A7C expression remains constant throughout its lifespan. In addition, the expression and activity of UGT1A7C are the same in response to different types of inflammatory activators\' treatment in vitro.
UNASSIGNED: We propose employing UGT1A7C as the representative biomarker for microglia, irrespective of their developmental state, age, or activation status. Using UGT1A7C can reduce the requirement for using multiple biomarkers, enhance the precision of microglia analysis, and even be utilized as a standard for gene/protein expression.