在鱼类模型中研究神经干祖细胞(NSPCs)的特性将提供有关包含胚胎和成体神经干细胞的神经源性小生境组织的新信息,反映他们的发展,起源细胞系和增殖动力学。目前,脊椎动物前脑中这些种群稳态和修复的分子特征正在被深入研究。在端脑之外,NSPCs的再生可塑性及其生物学意义尚未得到实际研究。幼年鲑鱼令人印象深刻的大脑再生能力表明,大多数NSPCs可能是多能的,因为它们能够取代受伤期间丢失的几乎所有细胞谱系,包括神经上皮细胞,放射状胶质,少突胶质细胞,和神经元。然而,在不同的脑干细胞生态位中,单个细胞表型的独特再生特征尚不清楚。各种类型的神经元前体,如前所述,在幼年太平洋鲑鱼的大脑不同部位含有足够的数量。这篇综述文章旨在提供斑马鱼和其他鱼类常见模型大脑中NSPC的最新信息,包括太平洋鲑鱼,以及这些细胞在肿瘤后阶段参与稳态大脑生长和修复过程。此外,提供了有关星形胶质细胞参与神经回路功能和动物行为的新数据。因此,从分子方面来说,斑马鱼放射状胶质细胞与哺乳动物星形胶质细胞相似,因此也可以称为星形胶质细胞。然而,一个问题是斑马鱼星形胶质细胞是否与神经元功能性相互作用,以类似于哺乳动物的方式。这种鱼的未来研究将补充啮齿动物的研究,并提供有关星形胶质细胞功能的细胞和生理过程的重要信息,这些过程可以调节动物的神经活动和行为。
Studying the properties of neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs) in a fish model will provide new information about the organization of neurogenic niches containing embryonic and adult neural stem cells, reflecting their development, origin cell lines and proliferative dynamics. Currently, the molecular signatures of these populations in homeostasis and repair in the vertebrate forebrain are being intensively studied. Outside the telencephalon, the regenerative plasticity of NSPCs and their biological significance have not yet been practically studied. The impressive capacity of juvenile salmon to regenerate brain suggests that most NSPCs are likely multipotent, as they are capable of replacing virtually all cell lineages lost during injury, including neuroepithelial cells, radial glia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. However, the unique regenerative profile of individual cell phenotypes in the diverse niches of brain stem cells remains unclear. Various types of neuronal precursors, as previously shown, are contained in sufficient numbers in different parts of the brain in juvenile Pacific salmon. This review article aims to provide an update on NSPCs in the brain of common models of zebrafish and other fish species, including Pacific salmon, and the involvement of these cells in homeostatic brain growth as well as reparative processes during the postraumatic period. Additionally, new data are presented on the participation of astrocytic glia in the functioning of neural circuits and animal behavior. Thus, from a molecular aspect, zebrafish radial glia cells are seen to be similar to mammalian astrocytes, and can therefore also be referred to as astroglia. However, a question exists as to if zebrafish astroglia cells interact functionally with neurons, in a similar way to their mammalian counterparts. Future studies of this fish will complement those on rodents and provide important information about the cellular and physiological processes underlying astroglial function that modulate neural activity and behavior in animals.