血小板在几种血管并发症和相关疾病中起着重要作用,但通常仍未得到充分认可。令人惊讶的是,血小板过度活跃和高聚集性通常被认为是在几种神经退行性疾病(NDD)如阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s病)中发生血管功能障碍的关键风险因素,帕金森病,亨廷顿病,和多发性硬化症。此外,血小板结构和功能损伤促进血栓形成和促炎环境,可加重几种NDD的进展。这些发现为使用抗血小板药物不仅可以预防发病,而且可以降低由NDD引起的死亡率提供了理论基础。因此,我们彻底回顾了支持几种新型合成抗血小板药物潜在多效性的证据,也就是说,环氧合酶抑制剂,二磷酸腺苷受体拮抗剂,蛋白酶激活受体阻断剂,和NDD中的糖蛋白IIb/IIIa受体抑制剂。除此之外,该综述还强调了属于植物生物活性化合物关键类别的选定天然抗血小板植物化学物质的最新发展,包括多酚,生物碱,萜类化合物,和类黄酮作为NDD的潜在治疗候选物。我们认为,这篇综述中对NDD的合理治疗性治疗的当代策略和具体方法的广泛分析可能有助于该领域的进一步成功研究。
The blood platelet plays an important role but often remains under-recognized in several vascular complications and associated diseases. Surprisingly, platelet hyperactivity and hyperaggregability have often been considered the critical risk factors for developing vascular dysfunctions in several neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) like Alzheimer\'s disease, Parkinson\'s disease, Huntington\'s disease, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, platelet structural and functional impairments promote prothrombotic and proinflammatory environment that can aggravate the progression of several NDDs. These findings provide the rationale for using antiplatelet agents not only to prevent morbidity but also to reduce mortality caused by NDDs. Therefore, we thoroughly review the evidence supporting the potential pleiotropic effects of several novel classes of synthetic antiplatelet drugs, that is, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonists, protease-activated receptor blockers, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors in NDDs. Apart from this, the review also emphasizes the recent developments of selected natural antiplatelet phytochemicals belonging to key classes of plant-based bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids as potential therapeutic candidates in NDDs. We believe that the broad analysis of contemporary strategies and specific approaches for plausible therapeutic treatment for NDDs presented in this review could be helpful for further successful research in this area.