背景:青少年药物使用可在以后的生活中导致临床上显著的精神病结局,通过有针对性的预防策略减轻。虽然药物开始的平均年龄随着时间的推移而增加,关于按种族/民族划分的青少年开始用药的平均年龄的研究很少。
方法:该研究使用了全国药物使用和健康数据调查(2004-2019)。样本包括12至21岁的个体。逐年开始使用药物(即,过去一年内首次使用)使用jointpoint回归按种族/种族检查每种药物的趋势。
结果:样品包括18种药物中任何一种的95,022种起始剂。酒精的平均起始年龄逐年显着增加(非西班牙裔[NH]怀特除外,2004-2012),烟草香烟(除了NH美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民[AI/AN]),雪茄,大麻(除了NH亚洲或太平洋岛民,NHMultiracial),可卡因(NHBlack除外)。海洛因(仅限西班牙裔/拉丁裔)的平均起始年龄显着增加,致幻剂(NH白色,仅限NH黑色),LSD(仅限NHWhite),甲基苯丙胺(仅限NHWhite),无烟烟草(NHWhite,仅限NH黑色),吸入剂(仅NHWhite,NHAI/AN;NH多种族,2004-2011),镇静剂(NHWhite,仅限西班牙裔/拉丁裔),兴奋剂(NHWhite,仅限西班牙裔/拉丁裔),和狂喜(NHWhite,NHBlack,仅限西班牙裔/拉丁裔)。酒精的平均起始年龄显着降低(仅NHWhite,2013-2019),无烟烟草(只有西班牙裔/拉丁裔,2015-2019年;NHAI/AN,2012-2019),和吸入剂(只有NHMultiracial,2012-2019年)。
结论:平均起始年龄因种族/民族而异。大多数种族/族裔群体的平均开始年龄因包括酒精在内的几种药物而增加,大麻,和烟草产品,并减少了一些药物,如吸入剂。这些发现可以帮助团体制定未来的预防策略。
BACKGROUND: Adolescent drug use can result in clinically significant psychiatric outcomes later in life mitigated by targeted prevention strategies. While mean age of drug initiation has increased over time, there is little research of mean age of drug initiation among adolescents by race/ethnicity.
METHODS: The study used the National Survey on Drug Use and Health data (2004-2019). Sample included individuals aged 12 to 21 years. Year-by-year drug use initiation (i.e., first-time use within the past year) trends examined for each drug by race/ethnicity using jointpoint regression.
RESULTS: Sample included 95,022 initiates for any of 18 drugs. Year-by-year mean initiation age significantly increased for alcohol (except Non-Hispanic [NH] White, 2004-2012), tobacco cigarettes (except NH American Indian/Alaska Native [AI/AN]), cigars, marijuana (except NH Asian or Pacific Islander, NH Multiracial), cocaine (except NH Black). Significant increase in mean initiation age found for heroin (Hispanic/Latinx only), hallucinogens (NH White, NH Black only), LSD (NH White only), methamphetamines (NH White only), smokeless tobacco (NH White, NH Black only), inhalants (only NH White, NH AI/AN; NH Multiracial, 2004-2011), sedatives (NH White, Hispanic/Latinx only), stimulants (NH White, Hispanic/Latinx only), and ecstasy (NH White, NH Black, Hispanic/Latinx only). Significant decrease in mean initiation age found for alcohol (only NH White, 2013-2019), smokeless tobacco (only Hispanic/Latinx, 2015-2019; NH AI/AN, 2012-2019), and inhalants (only NH Multiracial, 2012-2019).
CONCLUSIONS: Mean initiation age differed widely by race/ethnicity. Mean initiation age in most racial/ethnic groups increased for several drugs including alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco products and decreased for some drugs such as inhalants. These findings could help inform groups to target for future prevention strategies.