PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Background: This study, using a nationally representative dataset of the U.S. workforce, examines how punitive workplace drug policies relate to opioid use/misuse and psychological distress. Methods: The sample included adults aged ≥18 years who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health and were employed in 2020. Hierarchical multivariate logistical models were constructed to address the research questions. Results: The weighted, design-based estimates indicate that of 147 831 081 workers, 3.38% reported misusing opioids in the last 12 months. Having a punitive workplace policy was associated with higher rates of opioid use/misuse among workers aged ≤ 34 compared to their same-aged counterparts in nonpunitive workplaces, and among workers identifying as Black, Indigenous, or Person of Color who also experienced severe psychological distress the past year. Conclusion: Some employers may think drug testing policies are net-beneficial to worker well-being; these findings indicate such policies may interact in harmful ways with psychological distress.
摘要：
背景:本研究,使用具有全国代表性的美国劳动力数据集，研究了惩罚性工作场所药物政策与阿片类药物使用/滥用和心理困扰的关系。方法：样本包括参加全国药物使用和健康调查的年龄≥18岁的成年人，并于2020年就业。构建了分层多元物流模型来解决研究问题。结果：加权，基于设计的估计表明，在147831081名工人中，3.38%的人报告在过去12个月滥用阿片类药物。与非惩罚性工作场所的同龄工人相比，惩罚性工作场所政策与≤34岁工人的阿片类药物使用/误用率较高有关。在被认定为黑人的工人中，土著,或有色人种在过去一年中也经历了严重的心理困扰。结论：一些雇主可能认为药物测试政策对工人的福祉有利；这些发现表明，此类政策可能以有害的方式与心理困扰相互作用。
