幽门螺杆菌感染与胃病如消化性溃疡和腺癌有关。批准的抗生素疗法在10%至40%的感染患者中仍然失败,在这种情况下,靶向纳米疗法成为根除幽门螺杆菌的有力盟友。开发了与幽门螺杆菌结合分子缀合的纳米/微粒,以通过以下方式消除幽门螺杆菌:(i)阻断感染的基本机制,例如粘附于胃粘膜或(ii)通过在细菌内或感染部位释放药物而结合和杀死幽门螺杆菌。聚糖抗原(如LewisB和唾液酸-LewisX),果胶,凝集素,磷脂酰乙醇胺和上皮细胞膜与纳米/微粒缀合以成功阻断幽门螺杆菌粘附。尿素包被的纳米颗粒用于通过幽门螺杆菌UreI通道改善细菌内部的药物递送。此外,纳米颗粒包被有针对幽门螺杆菌的抗体,并装载有声诺/光敏剂,很有希望将其用作靶向声/光动力疗法。Further,非特异性幽门螺杆菌纳米/微粒,但只在酸性胃环境中活跃,涂有细菌膜粘合剂,胞外聚合物或对高温要求的蛋白酶,进行了评估。在这次审查中,将概述针对幽门螺杆菌的现有纳米疗法,抵抗感染的潜力,以及发展水平将被介绍和讨论。
Helicobacter pylori infection is involved in gastric diseases such as peptic ulcer and adenocarcinoma. Approved antibiotherapies still fail in 10 to 40% of the infected patients and, in this scenario, targeted
nanotherapeutics emerged as powerful allies for H. pylori eradication. Nano/microparticles conjugated with H. pylori binding molecules were developed to eliminate H. pylori by either (i) blocking essential mechanisms of infection, such as adhesion to gastric mucosa or (ii) binding and killing H. pylori through the release of drugs within the bacteria or at the site of infection. Glycan antigens (as Lewis B and sialyl-Lewis X), pectins, lectins, phosphatidylethanolamine and epithelial cell membranes were conjugated with nano/microparticles to successfully block H. pylori adhesion. Urea-coated nanoparticles were used to improve drug delivery inside bacteria through H. pylori UreI channel. Moreover, nanoparticles coated with antibodies against H. pylori and loaded with sono/photosensitizers, were promising for their application as targeted sono/photodynamic therapies. Further, non-specific H. pylori nano/microparticles, but only active in the acidic gastric environment, coated with binders to bacterial membrane, extracellular polymeric substances or to high temperature requirement A protease, were evaluated. In this review, an overview of the existing
nanotherapeutics targeting H. pylori will be given and their rational, potential to counteract infection, as well as level of development will be presented and discussed.