UNASSIGNED: Little is known about the association between whole-blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) levels and nabothian cysts. This study aimed to assess the association between NAD + levels and nabothian cysts in healthy Chinese women.
UNASSIGNED: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between NAD + levels and nabothian cysts.
UNASSIGNED: The mean age was 43.0 ± 11.5 years, and the mean level of NAD + was 31.3 ± 5.3 μmol/L. Nabothian cysts occurred in 184 (27.7%) participants, with single and multiple cysts in 100 (15.0%) and 84 (12.6%) participants, respectively. The total nabothian cyst prevalence gradually decreased from 37.4% to 21.6% from Q1 to Q4 of NAD + and the prevalence of single and multiple nabothian cysts also decreased across the NAD + quartiles. As compared with the highest NAD + quartile (≥ 34.4 μmol/L), the adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval of the NAD + Q1 was 1.89 (1.14-3.14) for total nabothian cysts. The risk of total and single nabothian cysts linearly decreased with increasing NAD + levels, while the risk of multiple nabothian cysts decreased more rapidly at NAD + levels of 28.0 to 35.0 μmol/L.
UNASSIGNED: Low NAD + levels were associated with an increased risk of total and multiple nabothian cysts.

UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between adenomyosis and nabothian cyst (NC) in a large patient series.
UNASSIGNED: The patient\'s data were scanned retrospectively and patients with a junctional zone thickness of 12 mm and above on magnetic resonance imaging were accepted as group adenomyosis (group A). Patients with a junctional zone thickness of less than 12 mm were not admitted as adenomyosis (control group). Both groups were compared for NC.
UNASSIGNED: In group A, 176 (69.8%) patients had NC (n = 250), while in the control group (n = 202), 57 (28.2%) patients had NC. NC was significantly higher in group A than in the control group (p < 0.001).
UNASSIGNED: The aetiology of NC is still unclear. According to our results, similar factors may affect adenomyosis and NC aetiopathogenesis.

Nabothian cysts (NCs) are benign cervical mucous retention cysts, which are usually considered insignificant. A 45 years para 2, presented with lower abdominal heaviness, abnormal uterine bleeding and severe dysmenorrhea for 1 year. On examination, only a part of the anterior cervical lip was visible, and a tense bulging cyst was replacing the posterior lip. The cyst extended supravaginally and filled the posterior fornix. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a 15 cm × 10 cm huge NC. Laparoscopic hysterectomy was done. There were difficulties in bladder dissection, ureteric identification, and vault delineation. The cyst contained 800 ml of clear fluid with a few milliliters of yellowish mucinous fluid. To our knowledge, NC of this size has not been reported in the literature. NCs are benign lesions, but they have to be differentiated from other cervical cysts - particularly malignant or premalignant lesions. NC can very well be managed laparoscopically, provided the skills of precise dissection are possessed by the surgeon.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of the \'cosmos pattern\' (CP) on magnetic resonance (MR) images for differentiating between gastric-type mucin-positive lesions (GMPL) and gastric-type mucin-negative lesions (GMNL).
METHODS: This study included 131 patients with clinical suspicion of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) who underwent pelvic MR imaging and a Pap smear and/or latex agglutination assay. Differences in MR findings, such as cyst and solid component patterns, cervical location and T1-weighted image (T1WI) signal intensity, were compared between GMPL and GMNL. The diagnostic performances of the findings were assessed.
RESULTS: The frequencies of CP (63.1%), upper part (UP) lesions (72.3%) and hypointense area compared with the cervical stroma on T1WI (61.3%) were significantly greater in GMPL than in GMNL (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and odds ratio of the CP for diagnosis of GMPL were 63.1%, 87.9%, 83.7%, 70.7% and 12.4, respectively. In GMNL, a \'macrocystic pattern\' was observed in 65.2% of patients; an isointense or hyperintense area on T1WI was observed in 86.4% of patients. The sensitivity was highest (90.8%) when one or more of the following were observed: CP, UP lesion, or hypointense area on T1WI. The specificity was highest (95.5%) when the CP was observed as a hypointense area on T1WI.
CONCLUSIONS: The CP is a highly specific finding for diagnosis of GMPL. If the CP is observed as a hypointense area compared with the cervical stroma on T1WI, GMPL (i.e., LEGH or gastric-type mucinous carcinoma) should be strongly suspected.

Nabothian cysts are common, benign findings of the squamocolumnar junction of the adult cervix. These cysts are filled with mucus and can also contain proteinaceous material, neutrophils, or neutrophil debris. Nabothian cysts can be broken by the spatula during smear taking, may stick to the brush and be smeared onto slides in conventional cytology or dissolved in the preserving solution for liquid-based cytology (LBC) preparations. The granular content of Nabothian cysts may be mistaken for the tumor diathesis (TD) pattern associated with invasive carcinoma. In the case described, the patient presented a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion associated with granular material (Nabothian cyst content) that we considered erroneously on LBC to be TD-like material, thus, raising the suspicion of invasive carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that Nabothian cyst content may present a potential pitfall in the diagnosis of invasive carcinoma on LBC.