核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域(NOD)样受体,也称为核苷酸结合富含亮氨酸的重复受体(NLR),是一个家族的细胞溶质模式识别受体,检测各种各样的致病性和无菌触发。特定NLR的激活启动促炎或抗炎信号级联反应和炎症小体-多蛋白复合物的形成,诱导caspase-1激活以驱动炎性细胞因子成熟和裂解细胞死亡。焦亡。某些NLR和炎性体作为较大细胞死亡复合物的组成部分-PANoptosome-驱动另一种形式的裂解细胞死亡,全景。这里,我们回顾了当前对进化的理解,结构,以及NLR在健康和疾病中的功能。我们讨论了NLR网络的概念及其在驱动细胞死亡和免疫中的作用。对NLR的改进的机械理解可以提供适用于感染性和炎性疾病以及癌症的治疗策略。
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, also known as nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), are a family of cytosolic pattern recognition receptors that detect a wide variety of pathogenic and sterile triggers. Activation of specific NLRs initiates pro- or anti-inflammatory signaling cascades and the formation of inflammasomes-multi-protein complexes that induce caspase-1 activation to drive inflammatory cytokine maturation and lytic cell death, pyroptosis. Certain NLRs and inflammasomes act as integral components of larger cell death complexes-PANoptosomes-driving another form of lytic cell death, PANoptosis. Here, we review the current understanding of the evolution, structure, and function of NLRs in health and disease. We discuss the concept of NLR networks and their roles in driving cell death and immunity. An improved mechanistic understanding of NLRs may provide therapeutic strategies applicable across infectious and inflammatory diseases and in cancer.