■慢性正己烷中毒在中国小型和微型印刷行业的工人中普遍存在。尽管如此,这些部门对职业健康风险评估的研究有限。在关键岗位进行全面的风险评估,提出有效的应对措施至关重要。
■数据来自32家小型和微型印刷企业的84个关键职位。根据中国标准测试空气样品的正己烷暴露水平。采用了五种风险评估模型:COSHH,EPA,妈妈,ICMM,和中国技术指南GBZ/T289-2017。分析了这些模型结果的一致性。
■84个工作岗位的工人被分为四个暴露组,每天暴露于正己烷8-10小时,每周5-6天。大多数职位的自动化水平较低(印刷行业为96.9%,5.9%的油调合,粘贴率为42.9%),而其他人是手动的。局部通风率在油混合中明显较低(23.5%),清洁(14.3%),和粘贴组(9.5%)。正己烷浓度超过中国职业限值15.6%的印刷业,17.7%的油调合,和21.4%的清洁组。风险评估模型将超过60%的工作组确定为高风险。七种风险评估方法之间存在显着差异(p<0.05)。一致性分析显示,中国综合指数和暴露指数方法之间的一致性中等(k=0.571,p<0.01)。
■技术指南GBZ/T289-2017中的中国合成和暴露指数方法对于评估小型和微型印刷企业的正己烷暴露风险是实用和可靠的。发现清洁和印刷角色正己烷暴露的风险最高。这些发现为有针对性的风险管理策略提供了宝贵的见解,以保护行业中的工人健康。
UNASSIGNED: Chronic n-Hexane poisoning is prevalent among workers in small and micro printing industries in China. Despite this, there is limited research on occupational health risk assessment in these sectors. Conducting comprehensive risk assessments at key positions and proposing effective countermeasures are essential.
UNASSIGNED: Data were collected from 84 key positions across 32 small and micro-sized printing enterprises. Air samples were tested for n-Hexane exposure levels in accordance with Chinese standards. Five risk assessment models were employed: COSHH, EPA, MOM, ICMM, and Technical Guide GBZ/T 289-2017 of China. The consistency of results across these models was analyzed.
UNASSIGNED: Workers in 84 job positions were categorized into four exposure groups, with exposure to n-Hexane for 8-10 h daily, 5-6 days weekly. Most positions operated with low automation levels (96.9% in printing, 5.9% in oil blending, and 42.9% in pasting), while others were manual. Localized ventilation rates were notably low in oil blending (23.5%), cleaning (14.3%), and pasting (9.5%) groups. n-Hexane concentrations exceeded Chinese occupational limits in 15.6% of printing, 17.7% of oil blending, and 21.4% of cleaning groups. Risk assessment models identified over 60% of work groups as high risk. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among the seven risk assessment methods. Consistency analysis revealed moderate agreement between the Chinese synthesis index and exposure index methods (k = 0.571, p < 0.01).
UNASSIGNED: The Chinese synthesis and exposure index methods from Technical Guide GBZ/T 289-2017 are practical and reliable for assessing n-Hexane exposure risks in small and micro printing enterprises. Cleaning and printing roles were found to be at the highest risk for n-Hexane exposure. These findings provide valuable insights for targeted risk management strategies to protect workers\' health in the industry.