牛支原体(M.牛)是导致全球牛高度传染性乳腺炎的重要病原体。它主要通过初乳传播,牛奶,还有精液.持续感染的奶牛作为携带者,间歇性释放病原体,使他们的牛奶成为感染传播的关键因素。鉴于塞尔维亚的血清阳性率调查有限,本研究旨在检测散装罐式牛奶(BTM)中牛分枝杆菌的存在,确定路线脱落,并评估感染风险。BTM样本来自塞尔维亚的115个奶牛场,通过实时PCR在115个样品中的11个中检测到牛分枝杆菌DNA。此外,在从明显健康的动物取样的1.30%的鼻拭子中检测到牛分枝杆菌。BTM样本中与牛分枝杆菌相关的风险因素的单变量分析揭示了与诸如品种,农场血清阳性,挤奶前和挤奶后消毒做法,农场类型,奶牛种群,牛奶产量,BTM样本中的母牛数量,和平价。血清阳性农场表现出牛奶中牛分枝杆菌存在的可能性最高。此外,挤奶前和挤奶后的消毒实践以及产量超过8000L牛奶的高产奶牛被确定为PCR阳性BTM的危险因素。在多变量混合回归分析中,在BTM样品中存在牛分枝杆菌感染的危险因素是荷斯坦(Holstein)品种。这些发现强调了塞尔维亚奶牛场BTM中牛分枝杆菌的患病率相对较高,提示牛分枝杆菌通过乳汁和经口途径传播小牛感染的潜在风险。
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a significant pathogen responsible for highly transmissible mastitis in cattle globally. It primarily spreads through colostrum, milk, and semen. Cows with persistent infections act as carriers, intermittently releasing the pathogen, making their milk a pivotal factor in infection transmission. Given the limited seroprevalence surveys in Serbia, this study aimed to detect M. bovis presence in bulk tank milk (BTM), determine route shedding, and evaluate infection risks. BTM samples were collected from 115 dairy farms across Serbia, with M. bovis DNA detected in 11 out of the 115 samples by real-time PCR. Additionally, M. bovis was detected in 1.30% of nasal swabs sampled from apparently healthy animals. A univariate analysis of the risk factors associated with M. bovis presence in the BTM samples revealed correlations with factors such as the breed, farm seropositivity, pre-milking and post-milking disinfection practices, farm type, cow population, milk yield, number of cows in the BTM samples, and parity. Seropositive farms exhibited the highest likelihood of M. bovis presence in milk. Moreover, pre- and post-milking disinfection practices and highly productive cows yielding over 8000 L of milk were identified as risk factors for PCR-positive BTM. In a multivariable mixed regression analysis, a risk factor for the presence of M. bovis infection in the BTM sample was the Holstein breed. These findings underscore a relatively high prevalence of M. bovis in BTM within Serbian dairy farms, suggesting a potential risk for M. bovis spreading through milk and oral route of calves\' infection.