BACKGROUND: To investigate the radiological and demographic features, types, distribution, and treatment methods of dentigerous cysts (DC).
METHODS: Panoramic radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients diagnosed with DC based on biopsy results between January 2020 and December 2023 were examined. In patients from different age groups, the numbers, types and locations, and radiological features of DCs, associated changes in surrounding tissues, and treatment methods used were reviewed.
RESULTS: Among 95 patients with DC (66 males, 29 females), sex and age distributions were comparable between those with a single cyst (n = 86) and those with two cysts (n = 9). Of 104 DCs, 44 were central, 38 were lateral, and 22 were circumferential. DC types were not significantly affected by sex, age group, or anatomical location. Circumferential DCs often caused displacement of the mandibular canal inferiorly. While enucleation was preferred for the treatment of central DCs, circumferential DCs were treated with marsupialization.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, which is the first to evaluate the DC types on CBCT images, the central type was the most common. Circumferential DCs were mostly treated with marsupialization. CBCT imaging can assist in determining DC types, and may provide guidance for treatment planning.

Pilar cysts, a subtype of sebaceous cysts, are benign masses often commonly found on the scalp, back, and face. They are common amongst women and carry a low potential for malignancy. These lesions arise due to the buildup of keratin in the skin pore, blocking the exit port of sebaceous gland secretions. The buildup of keratin material ultimately leads to cyst formation. The complications of these cysts include inflammation, rupture, infection, and transformation to cancerous lesions in some rare instances. This is a case of a 59-year-old female with a long-standing history of recurrent complicated pilar cysts who presented to the outpatient surgical clinic for assessment of cysts for removal. A total of eleven cysts were successfully removed through two separate surgeries.

BACKGROUND: Neurocysticercosis is a common cerebral parasitic infestation, caused due to pork tapeworm infection the infestations risks parallels the socio-economic status, personal hygiene and education. The effect of NCC was assessed in neurocognition.
OBJECTIVE: To study demographic characteristics and neurocognitive domains of patients with Neurocysticercosis.
METHODS: Neurocysticercosis diagnosed patients by CT, MRI and LAMP tests. MMSE score was measured for assessment.
RESULTS: MMSE score were reduced in majority of the patients. In attention was the most common deficit found. Repeat MMSE assessment done in 6 patients showed an improvement of scores post therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive involvement is common in NCC and is a major cause of morbidity.

UNASSIGNED: Congenital pulmonary airway malformation is a very rare congenital cystic lung disease that presents in 0.004% of all pregnancies and constitutes <25% of all congenital pulmonary anomalies in children. Respiratory distress is a major concern in these patients.
UNASSIGNED: Here in, we report an 8 month old girl presenting with exacerbation of fast breathing of three days duration. Chest X-ray showed hyper lucent right lung with significant shift of mediastinum to the left side, flattening of the diaphragm on the right side and compression of the left lung. Computed tomography scan of the chest revealed multiseptated cystic mass on the right lung measuring 8.9cm by 6.9cm. After receiving treatment for pneumonia, surgical excision of the mass was performed and biopsy showed congenital pulmonary airway malformation type1. The infant died on 40th postoperative day from uncontrolled hospital acquired infection.
UNASSIGNED: When a child has respiratory distress, congenital pulmonary airway malformation could be considered after common pathologies are ruled out. Surgical excision, which is the treatment of choice, is recommended to make a definite diagnosis and exclude hidden malignancies.

OBJECTIVE: The hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. These factors, at the cellular level, are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased glucose uptake. Such events are poorly explored in the context of the salivary glands. In this study, we present a series of eight cases of a distinct salivary gland lesion characterised by multiple oncocytic cysts, and we provide new pathological insights regarding its pathogenesis.
RESULTS: Seven patients (87.5%) had confirmed T2D, and obesity was identified in five (62.5%) patients. Clinically, the patients showed bilateral parotid gland swelling with recurrent episodes of pain and enlargement. Imaging examination revealed multiple cystic lesions in both parotid glands. Microscopically, the parotid glands showed multiple cysts of different sizes, lined by oncocytic epithelial cells. Intraluminally, strongly eosinophilic glass-like crystalloid material was observed. Immunohistochemical studies were performed, and the most notable finding was glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) overexpression in the oncocytic cysts which is not observed in any other oncocytic lesion of patients without T2D. In addition, high expressions of mitochondrial antigen, fission 1 protein and mitofusin-2 were observed in the oncocytic epithelium of the cysts. Furthermore, most of the oncocytic cysts showed a pattern of cytokeratin expression consistent with striated ducts.
CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that T2D is associated with alterations in GLUT1 expression in the cells of striated ducts with mitochondrial dysfunction, causing a hyperplastic process characterised by multiple oncocytic cysts. For this lesion, the designation of \'diabetes-associated-bilateral multiple oncocytic cysts of the parotid gland\' is proposed.

A spinal neurenteric cyst is a rare entity. It commonly presents already at 5 weeks of age up to the 6th decade of life. The most common location is the cervical region followed by thoracic and lumbosacral regions. We report a 9-month-old male infant with sudden onset of weakness in both lower limbs. MRI revealed 2 cystic lesions at cervical and thoracic level with spinal cord compression. He underwent laminectomy and excision of the cervical lesion. The child improved significantly. The postoperative MRI shows complete excision of a dorsal lesion and presence of a cervical lesion. Later, he underwent cervical laminotomy and partial wall excision followed by shunt placement. The histopathological report revealed a neurenteric cyst. Two neurenteric cysts presented in the neuroaxis of the same patient: one was located ventral (thoracic) and the other dorsal (cervical). At the 2-year follow-up, the child was active and walking without support. Multiple cystic lesions in the neuroaxis can be neurenteric cysts.

BACKGROUND: Benign metastatic leiomyoma (BML) is an extremely rare disease. Although uterine leiomyomas are benign histologically, they can metastasize to distant sites. While the incidence is very low, the lung is the organ most frequently affected by BML. Pulmonary BML usually presents as numerous well-defined nodules of various sizes, while the cavitary or cystic features in the nodules are rarely observed on radiologic images.
METHODS: A 52-year-old woman complained of cough and dyspnea for one month. She had been previously diagnosed with uterine leiomyoma and had undergone total hysterectomy about 14 years prior. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) images showed that there were multiple cystic nodules of various sizes in both lungs. Pathologic examination revealed that the pulmonary nodule had complex branching glandular structures lined by a single layer of simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium that was surrounded by abundant spindle cells. Additional immunohistochemistry data suggested that pulmonary nodule diagnosis was BML-associated uterine leiomyoma.
CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we introduce an interesting case of pulmonary BML that presented as a combination of various kinds of nodules including simple round nodules, simple cysts, and cysts with a solid portion, which are very rare radiologic features of BML in lung. In addition, when the patient is a woman of reproductive age, physicians should meticulously review the gynecological history and suspect BML when there are various cystic pulmonary lesions.

BACKGROUND: The pneumonic form is very characteristic of lepidic pattern adenocarcinoma of the lung. However, the diagnosis and treatment of the disease when it presents in this way may be delayed by atypical radiological findings and severity of hypoxemia.
METHODS: A 48-year-old female, non-smoker, asthmatic since the age of 20 years, was hospitalized for a diffuse infiltrative pneumonia complicated by severe respiratory failure. The history included chronic cough, gradually increasing dyspnoea on exertion lasting for 14 months and the onset of haemoptysis of low abundance associated with arthralgia in the previous month. She had no professional or domestic exposure to any risk factors. Chest CT scan revealed bilateral alveolar condensations, ground glass areas with thickened septa creating a crazy paving pattern, and numerous large cysts of various sizes and locations, often with irregular thin walls. Microbiological and immunological tests were negative. She required early invasive ventilation and then venovenous ECMO together with broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy, but died after 39 days in intensive care. The autopsy revealed lesions consistent with mucinous lepedic adenocarcinoma with no EGFR mutation and KRAS mutation. There was also associated pulmonary suppuration.
CONCLUSIONS: Mucinous lepidic adenocarcinoma is an alternative diagnosis for pneumonic consolidation associated with multiple cysts.

In the absence of syndromes, bilateral dentigerous cysts (DC) located on the jaws are unusual. In English based language literature review, we only found eight reports of nonsyndromic bilateral dentigerous cyst associated with mandibular third molars. Therefore, we report the unusual occurrence of sizable nonsyndromic bilateral DC associated with mandibular impacted third molars in a 42-year-old Caucasian woman. The lesions were assessed by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) the right lesion showed approximately 23.64 mm and the left one, 16.57 mm diameter, both located intimately next to the mandibular canal. Bilateral surgical enucleation, related teeth excision of both third molars and plate for fixation placement on the right and bigger lesion, under general anesthesia was the final treatment choice. Clinical, radiographic and histopathological features confirmed diagnose of bilateral dentigerous cyst. Now-a-days, the patient is on 18 months radiograph follow-up with favorable osseous formation with no evidence of recurrence of the cysts.