Paracoccidioidomycosis is a progressive, chronic, systemic disease which is the second most common form of mycosis in South America, affecting approximately 10million people in this region. It occurs most commonly in adult male farmers and mainly affects the lungs. Oral paracoccidioidomycosis is the second most frequent chronic presentation. We report the case of an immunocompetent female patient whose oral mucosae was infected with paracoccidium and discuss oral paracoccidium.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) affects approximately 20% of the general population. Its etiology is still unknown.
To analyze this entity\'s clinical features.
Data such as age, gender, family history of RAS, age at first episode onset, prodromal symptoms, number, size, morphology and localization of lesions, RAS clinical form, annual rate of recurrence, predisposing factors, symptoms and time for symptoms and lesions disappearance were assessed in 200 patients with RAS.
Patients had RAS minor forms. Main clinical characteristics were family history of RAS (89%), first episode at ≥ 10 years of age (69%), prodromal symptoms (66%), one lesion per episode (63%), < 0.5 cm lesions (64%), rounded morphology (55%), localization at the tongue (27%), 3 recurrent episodes per year (36%), stress as predisposing factor (34%), symptom disappearance in 2 days (54%) and healing of lesions in 8 days (40%).
Even when RAS is a common disorder of the oral mucosa, there is no curative treatment available. Therapeutic measures seek to reduce the pain and size of lesions, accelerate the time of recovery and decrease the rate of relapses.
La estomatitis aftosa recurrente (EAR) afecta aproximadamente a 20 % de la población general. Su etiología aún se desconoce.
Analizar las características clínicas de esta entidad.
En 200 pacientes con EAR se analizó edad, sexo, historia familiar de EAR, edad de aparición del primer episodio, síntomas prodrómicos, número, tamaño, morfología y localización de las lesiones, forma clínica de EAR, tasa anual de recurrencia, factores predisponentes, sintomatología, tiempo de desaparición de los síntomas y las lesiones.
Los pacientes tenían formas menores de EAR. Las principales características clínicas fueron historia familiar de EAR (89 %), primer episodio con ≥ 10 años de edad (69 %), síntomas prodrómicos (66 %), lesión por episodio (63 %), lesiones de < 0.5 cm (64 %), morfología redondeada (55 %), localización en lengua (27 %), tres episodios recurrentes anuales (36 %), estrés predisponente (34 %), desaparición de síntomas a los dos días (54 %) y curación de lesiones a los ocho días (40 %).
Aun cuando la EAR es un trastorno común de la mucosa bucal, no se dispone de un tratamiento curativo. Las medidas terapéuticas buscan reducir el dolor y tamaño de las lesiones, acelerar el periodo de recuperación y disminuir la recidiva.

BACKGROUND: Panurethral stricture associated with lichen sclerosus is a therapeutic challenge. We present the analysis of our results using two urethroplasty techniques based on oral mucosa graft.
METHODS: Retrospective study in patients with long anterior urethral stricture (>8cm) associated with lichen sclerosus. Patients received urethroplasty with oral mucosa graft technique according Kulkarni (n=25) or two-step Johanson-Bracka urethroplasty (n=15). Demographics, operative time, complications (Clavien-Dindo), hospital stay, days with catheter, EAV postoperative pain, failure rate, need for retreatment and functional data including IPSS, QoL, Qmax, post void residual (PVR) are evaluated.
RESULTS: In all cases there was involvement of glandular and penile urethra, and in 75% of bulbar urethra. A single graft was used in 22.5%, two in 72.5% and three in 5%. Patients treated at a single step were younger (P=.007). Although the length of the stenosis was equivalent in both techniques (P=.96), relapse and complication rates were higher in two-step surgery (P=.05 and P=.03; respectively) and so was operative time (P<.0001) and overall stay (P=.0002). There were no differences in preoperative IPSS, QoL, Qmax or PVR, neither in postoperative values of IPSS or Qmax; but there was a difference in QoL (P=.006) and PVR (P=.03) favouring single-step urethroplasty. VAS pain on postoperative day 1 was also lower in Kulkarni urethroplasty than in the first step of Johanson-Bracka technique (P<.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with lichen sclerosus and long anterior urethral stricture Kulkarni urethroplasty provides more efficient and better patient reported outcomes than Johanson-Bracka urethroplasty. It also prevents cosmetic, sexual and voiding temporary deterioration inherent to 2-step surgery.