用经处理的废水将微塑料排放到环境中正在成为全世界关注的主要问题。废水处理厂(WWTP)将微塑料释放到陆地和水生栖息地,主要来自纺织品,洗衣房,和化妆品行业。尽管对环境中的微塑料进行了广泛的研究,他们的移除,和污水处理厂管理策略,突出它们的环境影响,关于微塑料在各种处理过程中的命运和行为知之甚少。微塑料由于其不同的物理和化学特性而与处理技术产生不同的相互作用,导致不同的去除效率。从污水处理厂中去除的微塑料可能在土壤中积累并损害陆地生态系统。很少有研究检查成本,能源使用,以及大规模实施去除微塑料的现代处理方法的权衡。为了保护水生和陆地栖息地免受微塑料污染,专注和高效的管理技术必须弥合这些知识差距。这篇综述总结了微塑料检测,收藏,移除和管理策略。有关微塑料去除效率及其命运和运输路径的处理工艺研究汇编显示了最近的改进。生物修复,膜生物反应器(MBR),电凝法,溶胶-凝胶技术,浮选,增强过滤,和AOP被评估用于微塑料去除。微塑料在WWTP中的命运和行为表明,它们可能是接收生态系统的微塑料的次要供应商。创新的微塑料去除策略和技术,如纳米颗粒,基于微生物的修复,三级治疗会引发问题。对这些新的污水处理厂技术进行了可行性研究,局限性,和实施问题。预处理改变微塑料尺寸,吸附电位,和表面形态,从WWTP中去除微塑料。膜生物反应器(MBR)可以比其他方法更有效地去除99.9%的微塑料。MBR系统需要膜清洁和污染控制,这增加了运营和资本成本。为了减少议员,塑料替代品和严格的控制,包括微塑料废物转化,应该优先考虑。必须通过监控政策执行和意识来控制微塑料。
Discharging microplastics into the environment with treated wastewater is becoming a major concern around the world. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) release microplastics into terrestrial and aquatic habitats, mostly from textile, laundry, and cosmetic industries. Despite extensive research on microplastics in the environment, their removal, and WWTP management strategies, highlighting their environmental effects, little is known about microplastics\' fate and behaviour during various treatment processes. Microplastics interact with treatment technologies differently due to their diverse physical and chemical characteristics, resulting in varying removal efficiency. Microplastics removed from WWTPs may accumulate in soil and harm terrestrial ecosystems. Few studies have examined the cost, energy use, and trade-offs of large-scale implementation of modern treatment methods for the removal of microplastics. To safeguard aquatic and terrestrial habitats from microplastics\' contamination, focused and efficient management techniques must bridge these knowledge gaps. This review summarizes microplastic detection, collection, removal and management strategies. A compilation of treatment process studies on microplastics\' removal efficiency and their destiny and transit paths shows recent improvement. Bioremediation, membrane bioreactor (MBR), electrocoagulation, sol-gel technique, flotation, enhanced filtering, and AOPs are evaluated for microplastic removal. The fate and behaviour of microplastics in WWTPs suggest they may be secondary suppliers of microplastics to receiving ecosystems. Innovative microplastic removal strategies and technologies such as nanoparticles, microorganism-based remediation, and tertiary treatment raise issues. These new WWTP technologies are examined for feasibility, limitations, and implementation issues. Pretreatment modifies microplastic size, adsorption potential, and surface morphology to remove microplastics from WWTPs. Membrane bioreactors (MBR) can remove 99.9% of microplastics more efficiently than other approaches. MBR systems require membrane cleaning and fouling control, which raises operational and capital costs. To reduce MPs, plastic alternatives and strict controls, including microplastic waste transformation, should be prioritized. Microplastics must be controlled through monitoring policy execution and awareness.