甲烷营养生物在甲烷氧化中起着重要作用,因为它们是自然界中唯一的生物甲烷汇。甲烷单加氧酶将甲烷或氨氧化成甲醇或羟胺,分别。虽然人们对甲烷营养菌的中心碳代谢了解很多,对氮代谢知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们调查了荚膜甲基球菌如何浴,一种甲烷氧化细菌,响应氮源和温度。在37°C和42°C下使用硝酸盐或铵作为氮源进行分批培养实验。虽然硝酸盐和铵在42°C时的生长速率相当,在37°C下观察到铵的显著生长优势。硝酸盐的利用率在42°C时高于37°C时,特别是在最初的24小时内。铵的使用在42°C至37°C之间保持恒定;然而,发现亚硝酸盐的积累和向氨的转化是温度依赖性过程。我们进行了RNA-seq来了解潜在的分子机制,结果揭示了不同条件下复杂的转录变化。不同的基因表达模式与呼吸有关,硝酸盐和氨代谢,甲烷氧化,和氨基酸生物合成使用基因本体论分析进行鉴定。值得注意的是,具有可变表达谱的关键途径包括氧化磷酸化和甲烷和甲醇氧化。此外,与氮代谢相关的基因有不同的转录水平,特别是氨氧化,硝酸盐还原,和运输商。使用定量PCR来验证这些转录变化。细胞内代谢物的分析显示脂肪酸的变化,氨基酸,中心碳中间体,和氮基,以响应各种氮源和温度。总的来说,我们的结果提供了对氮有效性之间复杂相互作用的更好理解,温度,和基因在荚膜菌浴中的表达。这项研究增强了我们对微生物适应策略的理解,在生物技术和环境背景下提供潜在的应用。
Methanotrophs play a significant role in methane oxidation, because they are the only biological methane sink present in nature. The methane monooxygenase enzyme oxidizes methane or ammonia into methanol or hydroxylamine, respectively. While much is known about central carbon metabolism in methanotrophs, far less is known about nitrogen metabolism. In this study, we investigated how Methylococcus capsulatus Bath, a methane-oxidizing bacterium, responds to nitrogen source and temperature. Batch culture experiments were conducted using nitrate or ammonium as nitrogen sources at both 37°C and 42°C. While growth rates with nitrate and ammonium were comparable at 42°C, a significant growth advantage was observed with ammonium at 37°C. Utilization of nitrate was higher at 42°C than at 37°C, especially in the first 24 h. Use of ammonium remained constant between 42°C and 37°C; however, nitrite buildup and conversion to ammonia were found to be temperature-dependent processes. We performed RNA-seq to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, and the results revealed complex transcriptional changes in response to varying conditions. Different gene expression patterns connected to respiration, nitrate and ammonia metabolism, methane oxidation, and amino acid biosynthesis were identified using gene ontology analysis. Notably, key pathways with variable expression profiles included oxidative phosphorylation and methane and methanol oxidation. Additionally, there were transcription levels that varied for genes related to nitrogen metabolism, particularly for ammonia oxidation, nitrate reduction, and transporters. Quantitative PCR was used to validate these transcriptional changes. Analyses of intracellular metabolites revealed changes in fatty acids, amino acids, central carbon intermediates, and nitrogen bases in response to various nitrogen sources and temperatures. Overall, our results offer improved understanding of the intricate interactions between nitrogen availability, temperature, and gene expression in M. capsulatus Bath. This study enhances our understanding of microbial adaptation strategies, offering potential applications in biotechnological and environmental contexts.